Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore¹*, Tebo Emeline Fri¹, Arrey oben Ebob¹, Achidi Aduni Ufuan¹, Yolandia Jamea Nganje Epanty¹, Tenyang Noel², Agnes Namondo Mbongo Lyonga¹ and Tiencheu Bernard¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

*Corresponding Author: Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

Received: August 25, 2025; Published: September 29, 2025

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including cardiac ischemia; an imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand have emerged as a major public health problem and impose an escalating burden on the health care system in Cameroon. Moreover, anti-ischaemic medications only eliminate or reduce cardiac ischemia by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, increasing myocardial oxygen supply, or both, but do not correct the underlying cause of ischemia (atherosclerosis). But dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on cardiovascular diseases, with mackerel fish being one of its rich source, due to the EPA and DHA it contains. The present study investigated the effects of pre-treatment with mackerel fish oil (FO), on the heart of the rat which is associated with the isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac ischemia, since it is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The study was conducted on 42 Wistar rats which were divided into seven groups of 6 rats each, and pre-treated as follows. The normal control (NO) received distilled water, negative control (NC), was only induced with isoprenaline, test groups 1 and 2 (8C and 10C), received cooked fish oil at doses of 8 and 10 ml/kg body weight, test groups 3 and 4 (8R and10R), received raw fish oil at doses of 8 and 10 ml/kg body weight, orally for 4 weeks and the positive control (PC) received propranolol (standard drug) 10 days before sacrifice. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by isoprenaline (ISO, 85 mg/kg) twice, 48 and 24 hours before sacrifice. Eventually, the animals were sacrificed on day 29, after an overnight fast and samples collected for plasma cytokine levels and hematological parameter evaluation. Moreover, their growth response and exploratory behavior were also examined during the assay. Based on the results, ISO administration significantly increased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased haematological parameters compared to the normal control group. In addition, rats were less explorative in the open field, as their number of crossing and rearing decreased significantly from 67.3 to 19.7 and from 26.2 to 3.3 with a decreased weight due to loss of appetite following ISO administration. However, a remarkable decrease in plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and INF-γ was observed. Additionally, pre-treatment showed a significant restoration in the plasma levels of hematological parameters, including WBC count and its subtypes compared to the ISO group. In general, pre-treatment with FO significantly decreased plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines compared to the standard drug, with raw FO showing a better effect. Therefore, FO, especially oil from raw Scomber scrombrus results in preventing cardiac ischemia, and thus implies mackerel fish oil should be used as supplements source of omega fatty acids.

Keywords: Cardiac Ischemia; Mackerel Fish Oil; Isoprenaline; Hematological; Scomber Scrombrus; Exploratory Behavior; Cytokine

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Citation

Citation: Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore., et al. “Evaluation of the Level of Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Haematological Parameters in/Polyunsaturated Rich Fish-Oil-Treated Rats after Induction of Cardiac Ischemia with Isoprenaline".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 9.10 (2025): 55-69.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.