Quintero-Lira Aurora, Ibarra-Medina Veronica Azúcena and Piloni-Martini Javier*

Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo (University Ranch, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico

*Corresponding Author: Piloni-Martini Javier, Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo (University Ranch, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Received: June 05, 2025; Published: June 20, 2025

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya) is a species of the Caricaceae family. It is a perennial tropical tree that is widely cultivated, producing fruits that are consumed throughout the world. All of its parts can be used: stem, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds. Fruit processing generates considerable amounts of waste. Disposal of these materials is often a problem, in addition to legal restrictions. For this reason, new technologies must be developed to take advantage of these plant residues. The use of papaya seeds is part of the by-products whose technological applications and nutritional potential are still Little known by the agri-food sector. One of the characteristics is that they do not contain toxic compounds or gluten, and they are also rich in bioactive compounds, protein, crude fat, fatty acids, carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and fiber. Regarding health, the seeds are used to treat intestinal worms, ulcers, sickle cell anemia and poisoning. As well as an antibacterial and anti- inflammatory effect on the digestive system. Therefore, it is concluded that papaya seed flour is a good alternative for use in the fortification of agri-food products with an impact on human health.

Keywords: Papaya; Seed; Seed Flour; Human Health; Bioactive Compounds

References

1. Gazwi HSS., et al. “Cakes fortifed with papaya seeds efectively protects against CCl4‑induced immunotoxicity”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30 (2023): 111511–111524.
2. Adesola MO., et al. “The Preservative Effect of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Extract on Some Selected Food Materials”. Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences (2019): 69-77.
3. Bokaria K and Ray S. “Development Of Papaya Peel Flour Based Cookies And Evaluation Of Its Quality”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology 2016; 3.12 (2016): 6393-6396.
4. Vázquez-Mata N., et al. “Compuestos bioactivos de los residuos del pepino, papaya y zapote mamey generados en la Central de Abasto de la CDMX. Alternativas para su aprovechamiento”. Biotecnología y Sustentabilidad1 (2022): 119-140.
5. Olakunle MA and Olanrewaju MJ. “Proximate and selected Mineral Composition of Ripe Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds and Skin”. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research3 (2018): 75-77.
6. Velasco-Arango VA., et al. “Characterization of functional components flour epicarp papaya (Carica papaya L) as a source of natural pigments”. Respuestas 2 (2019): 39-48.
7. Cruz VA., et al. “Manufacturing of Formosa papaya (Carica papaya) jam containing different concentrations of dehydrated papaya seed flour”. International Food Research Journal 26.3 (2019): 849-857.
8. Sugiharto S. “Papaya (Carica papaya) seed as a potent functional feedstuff for poultry-A review”. Veterinary World 13.8 (2020): 1613-1619.
9. Kadiri O., et al. “Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Properties of the Seeds, Leaves and Fruits of Carica papaya: Potential Relevance to Humans Diet, the Food Industry and the Pharmaceutical Industry - A Review”. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 12 (2016): 1039-1052.
10. Mérida LE., et al. “Proximate chemical, functional, and texture characterization of papaya seed flour (Carica papaya) for the preparation of bread”. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 31 (2023): 1-8.
11. Enemor VHA., et al. “Screening of Carica papaya Seeds for Pharmacologically Bioactive and Nutritionally Beneficial Substances for Optimization of Its Nutraceutical Potential”. European Journal of Nutrition and amp; Food Safety11 (2020): 59-66.
12. Adeleke AE., et al. “Phytochemicals, Physico-Chemical and Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Extracted from Carica Papaya (Papaw) Seed”. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Science 2 (2023): 4740-4750.
13. Manaf YNA and Nazrim MJ. “Physico-chemical Characteristics of Papaya (Carica papaya) Seed Oil of The Hong Kong/Sekaki Variety”. Journal of Oleo Science 63.9 (2014): 885-892.
14. Priyanka B and Iranna SU. “Studies on utilization of papaya peel and seed powder for development of fiber enriched functional cookies”. IJRAR-International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR)4 (2018): 459-466.
15. Verma R., et al. “Organoleptic study of green papaya, flaxseed and maize flour products”. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry3 (2018): 1897-1900.
16. Kakkar S., et al. “Papaya Seeds: Treasure of Nutrients and a Promising Preservative”. Global Emerging Innovation Summit (GEIS-2021) (2021): 245-253.
17. Mendes DSC., et al. “Chemical characterization of the flour of peel and seed from two papaya cultivars”. Food Sci. Technol, Campinas2 (2019): 353-357.
18. Masse D., et al. “Effects of Drying Temperature on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya)”. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IRJIET) 7.3 (2023): 118-125.
19. Hinostroza-Quinonez G., et al. “Physicochemical and functional properties of microcapsules of papaya seed extract (Carica papaya) obtained by spray drying”. NFS Journal 35 (2024): 1-6.
20. Mesquita MS., et al. “Papaya seeds (Carica papaya var. Formosa) in different ripening stages: unexplored agro-industrial residues as potential sources of proteins, fibers and oil as well as high antioxidant capacity”. Food Science and Technology 43 (2023): 1-9.
21. Adeoye RI., et al. “Nutritional and therapeutic potentials of Carica papaya Linn. seed: A comprehensive review”. Plant Science Today2 (2023): 671-680.
22. Cemaluk CEA. “Some antinutrient compositions and in vitro antioxidant properties of milled Carica papaya (pawpaw) peels and seeds App”. Scientific Report 3 (2017): 75-81.
23. Egbuonu ACC., et al. “Comparative Assessment of Some Nutritive and Antifungal Properties of Milled Carica papaya Peels and Seeds”. European Journal of Medicinal Plants1 (2017): 1-7.
24. Madhuvanthi S., et al. “Extraction and characterization of pectin derived from underutilized papaya seeds as a value-added product”. Journal of Applied and Natural Science1 (2022): 127-132.
25. Kure OA., et al. “Effects of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Flour Addition on the Quality of Wheat Bread”. AFSJ 4 (2021): 51-63.
26. Younos Ma and Akl EM. “Evaluation of Phytochemical Analysis for Chia (Salvia hispanica) and Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Extracts as Antioxidant, Antifungal and Anti-aflatoxins”. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 67.10 (2024): 545-557.
27. Santhosh CPN and Karuthedath S. “Standardization and quality evaluation of papaya seed powder incorporated cookies”. International Journal of Home Science1 (2024): 285-290.
28. Saba S and Pattan N. “The Potential Health Benefits of Papaya Seeds”. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and amp; Engineering Technology (IJRASET)1 (2022): 44-50.
29. Sugiharto S., et al. “Effect of sprouted papaya seed meal on physiological conditions, intestinal bacterial populations and meat quality of broilers”. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 1 (2021): 35-43.
30. Khalil M., et al. “The effectiveness of the papaya seed (Carica papaya L) for reproductive function of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)”. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia1 (2018): 79-96.
31. Zhang R., et al. “Antioxidant Analysis of Different Parts of Several Cultivars of Papaya (Carica Papaya)”. International Journal of Fruit Science 22.1 (2022): 438-452.
32. Chávez-Quintal P., et al. “Antifungal Activity in Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya cv. Maradol Leaves and Seeds”. Indian Journal of Microbiology 51.1 (2011): 54-60.
33. Panusa A., et al. “Papaya Seed Extract Recovery of Some Main Constituents”. Separations254 (2024): 1-12.
34. Afolabi IS., et al. “In vivo evaluation of lipid and antioxidants qualities of Carica papaya seed oil”. Journal of Natural Products 4 (2011): 125-135.
35. Kugo M., et al. “Fortification of Carica papaya fruit seeds to school meal snacks may aid Africa mass deworming programs: a preliminary survey”. Complementary and Alternative Medicine327 (2018): 1-7.
36. Saeni R and Arief E. “The Effect of Level of Dryness of Papaya (Carica papaya) Seeds as Anthelmintic in Primary School-Age Children”. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 4.4 (2019): 16-20.
37. Piovesan N., et al. “Aplicacao de extrato natural de semente de mamao (Carica papaya L) em linguica de frango e avaliacao da sua capacidade antioxidante”. High Aliment 31 (2017): 1237-1241.
38. , et al. “Antimicrobial assay of papaya seed etanol extract (Carica papaya Linn) and phytochemical analysis of its active compounds”. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2019): 1-6.

Citation

Citation: Piloni-Martini Javier., et al. “Importance of Bioactive Compounds Present in Papaya (Carica papaya) Seed Flour in Human Health".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 9.7 (2025): 55-61.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Piloni-Martini Javier., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.