MK Singh*¶, Ritika¶, P Krishnaveni, Shavi and NL Selokar

Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Haryana, India

*Corresponding Author: MK Singh; Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Haryana, India.
¶MK Singh and Ritika are contributed equally

Received: June 13, 2025; Published: August 06, 2025

Abstract

Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. This study investigates the dose-dependent effects of oxamflatin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and ascorbic acid, a known antioxidant and epigenetic modulator, on the proliferation, metabolic activity, and gene expression in buffalo fetal fibroblast cells. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of oxamflatin (0.5 µM, 1 µM, 2 µM, 5 µM, and 10 µM) and ascorbic acid (25 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, and 200 µM). MTT assay results indicated that 1.0 µM oxamflatin and 50 µM ascorbic acid significantly enhanced cell proliferation and metabolic activity across 24, 48, and 72-h intervals (P < 0.05), while higher doses showed inhibitory or toxic effects. Gene expression analysis revealed that both compounds significantly downregulated epigenetic regulators (HDAC1, DNMT1, DNMT3A), particularly at 1.0 µM oxamflatin and 50 µM ascorbic acid. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) were markedly upregulated at these optimal concentrations, with a decline at higher doses. Additionally, pro-apoptotic genes (BAD, P53) were significantly downregulated, while anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2, BCL-XL) were upregulated in a dose-responsive manner, peaking at 1.0 µM oxamflatin and 50 µM ascorbic acid. These results highlight the concentration-specific benefits of oxamflatin and ascorbic acid in enhancing fibroblast cell viability, antioxidant response, and epigenetic regulation, suggesting potential applications in regenerative medicine and cellular reprogramming.

Keywords: Epigenetic Modifiers; Oxamflatin; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression

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Citation

Citation: MK Singh., et al. “Epigenetic Modifiers Oxamflatin and Ascorbic Acid Modulate the Proliferation, Viability, and Gene Expression in Buffalo Foetal Fibroblast Cells".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 7.9 (2025): 02-14.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 MK Singh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.