Uzochukwu CU, Ogbuefi EO*, Obiefule IE, Anyanebechi WC and Igbodike JE

Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Ogbuefi EO, Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Received: May 06, 2025; Published: June 23, 2025

Abstract

Callosobrochus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is the most destructive pest of stored cowpea worldwide. The use of synthetic pesticides against C. maculatus have proven effective but with great concerns on its resulting effects such as pest resistance and residual toxicity threatening food security. The toxicity effect of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon were evaluated against the adult C. maculatus. Four concentrations of C. sinensis (20%, 15%, 10%, and 5%) and C. limon (5%, 15%, 10%, and 20%) including a control of only acetone used as standard comparative to treat the pest. It was set up in completely randomized design. Results were recorded at 12 hourly intervals for 3 days. At highest concentration of 20% for Citrus sinensis, mortality recorded was 87% and at lowest concentration, it recorded 50%, while the LC50 and LC90 were 5.8% and 30.7% respectively, LT50 and LT90 were 27.2 and 45.3 hours respectively. Similarly, C. limon at highest concentration recorded 76% and at lowest concentration recorded 43% while the LC50 and LC90 were 8.4% and 57.7% respectively, LT50 and LT90 were 12.2 and 43.1 hours respectively. It was observed from the study that mortality was concentration and time dependent, therefore, C. sinensis and C. limon could be used as good alternatives to synthetic pesticides which has adverse effects on man and food crops.

Keywords: Callosobruchus Maculatus; Citrus Sinensis; Citrus Limon; Peels Extracts; Vigna Unguiculata

References

1. Ademola JO and Oso AA. “Efficacy of orange peel essential oil against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored cowpea”. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2 (2018): 455-465.
2. Onyeka TU and Okigbo BN. “Toxicity of lemon peel extract to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its effect on seed germination and vigor”. International Journal of Pest Management 2 (2019): 107-115.
3. Abou-Khalil MS., et al. “Combinatorial effects of orange and lemon peel extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and their influence on seed germination and vigour”. Journal of Entomology and Nematology1 (2018): 1-9.
4. Akunne CE., et al. “Evaluation of the mixed leaf powders of Vernonia amygdalina and Azardirachta indica (A.Juss) against Callosobruchus maculatus (F). (Coleoptera Bruchidiae)”. Advances in Biosciences and Bio Engineering2 (2013): 86-95.
5. Musa AK., et al. “Evaluation of the efficacy of mixed leaf powders of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratusimum against Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidiae)”. Academia Journal of Entomology 2.2 (2009): 85-87.
6. Opareke A and Dike MC. “Monodora myristica (Gaerta) Dunal (Myristiceae) and Allium cepa (Lilliaceae) as protectants against Cowpea seeds bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus infesting stored cowpea seeds”. Nigerian Journal of Entomology 22 (2005): 84-92.
7. Nwankwo EN., et al. “Moringa olifera and Annona muricata seed oil extracts as Biopesticides against second and fourth larval instar of Aedes aegypti”. Journal of Biological Pesticide 1 (2015): 56-61.
8. Odeyemi OO., et al. “Insecticidal activity of Citrus sinensis peel extract against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on stored cowpea”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6 (2017): 148-152.
9. Ogungbite OC., et al. “Comparative efficacy of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon peel extracts against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on stored cowpea grains”. African Journal of Agricultural Research 10 (2019): 612-617.
10. Adane K., et al. “Insect pests of stored cowpea and their management: A review”. African Journal of Agricultural Research7 (2016): 537-548.
11. Enobakhare PU and Law-Ogbomo CU. “Ocimum leaf powder in the control of Sitophilus zeamais infestation in stored maize grains”. Bulletin of Entomological Research2 (2002): 187-194.
12. Chukwulobe MN and Echezona BC. “Efficacy of Three Pro PrimphoS-methyl, Piper guineense, and Eugenia aromatic against Tribolium castanneum (Coleoptera: Terebrionidae) on Stored Chips of Three Musa spp”. World Journal of Agricultural Research 2.3 (2014): 136-141.
13. Nwankwo EN., et al. “Toxicity of Azadirachta indica in bitter seed oil extract in experimental Callosobruchus maculatus infestation of Vigna unguiculata L (Walp)”. International Journal of Microbiology 1 (2009): 81-85.
14. Akunne CE. “Efficacy of root powders of cyanescens on adult S. zeamai”. Journal of Entomology 71.3 (2014): S224-S228.
15. Ivbijaro MF. “Preservation of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp with Neem Seed, Azadirachta indica. A. juss. Protection Ecology, Elsevier Science Publisher,V. Amsterdam 5 (1983): 177-182.

Citation

Citation: Ogbuefi EO., et al. “Efficacy of Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon Peels Extracts in the Control of Callosobruchus maculatus on Stored Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata".Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 7.7 (2025): 36-43.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Ogbuefi EO., et al This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.