Nwankwo Henry C¹, Oladipo Miriam O¹*, Onmata Gloria D², Saganuwan Alhaji S¹ and Onyeyili Patrick A¹

¹Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria
²Department of Biochemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Oladipo Miriam O, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria.

Received: March 03, 2025; Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract

Drug combinations are utilized in various medical contexts, particularly for balanced anaesthesia during surgeries; however, their impacts on physiological and haematological parameters are usually overlooked. The combination of ketamine and piroxicam has been proposed for certain surgical procedures, yet its effects on haematological and biochemical parameters remain unexamined. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of the ketamine-piroxicam combination on haematological and serum biochemical parameters in goats. A total of thirty West African Dwarf goats, averaging twelve months of age, were utilized in this research. The subjects were divided into five groups, each consisting of six goats. All groups received intravenous ketamine (10 mg/kg), while groups II, III, IV, and V received intramuscular piroxicam (5 mg/kg) at intervals of 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes prior to ketamine administration. Blood samples were obtained in both EDTA and non-EDTA containers for comprehensive haematological and biochemical analysis (liver and kidney function) before drug administration, 90 minutes post-administration, and 48 hours later. Results indicated that piroxicam mitigated the harmful osmotic fragility effects of ketamine on erythrocytes. A significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV) was noted in groups III, IV, and V after 48 hours, whereas red blood cell count decreased in those groups. Groups IV and V exhibited increased total protein levels, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased across groups II to V. Additionally, bilirubin and creatinine levels decreased in groups II to V. The findings suggest that the combination affects haematological, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and serum biochemical parameters, warranting careful consideration in the concurrent use of these pharmaceuticals.

 Keywords: Piroxicam; Ketamine; Goat; Haematology; Serum Biochemistry

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Citation

Citation: Oladipo Miriam O., et al. “Effects of Piroxicam-Ketamine Combination on Hematologic and Serum Biochemistry Parameters of West African Dwarf Goats (Capra Hircus)". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 7.4 (2025): 17-25.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Oladipo Miriam O., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.