Arunima Yadav and Ravi Kant Upadhyay*

Department of Zoology, D D U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009. U.P. India

*Corresponding Author: Ravi Kant Upadhyay, Department of Zoology, D D U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009. U.P. India.

Received: December 01, 2025; Published: December 19, 2025

Abstract

This article describes various toxins derived from skin glands of various frog species, along with their pharmacological and therapeutic uses. Most of these toxic compounds from skin glands, are used to protect against harmful microorganisms, parasites, and predators. These can be used as diagnostic tools, mainly experimental molecules to validate postulated therapeutic targets. This article discusses various toxins secreted from frog skin glands, primarily examining their antimicrobial, insulinotropic, antitrypanosomal, hemolytic, wound-healing, anti-HIV, and insecticidal properties. Bufadienolides exhibited cytotoxic, antitumor, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities. These are also used to create drug libraries, prototypes for drug design, cosmeceuticals, therapeutic agents and traditional medicines. This review suggests the use of frog toxin, may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic molecules for managing infectious diseases.

Keywords: Bufadienolides; Cytotoxic; Antitumor; Antimicrobial and Analgesic Activity

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Citation

Citation: Arunima Yadav and Ravi Kant Upadhyay. “Frog Toxin Types: Their Biological Effects and Therapeutic Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 10.1 (2026): 18-30.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Arunima Yadav and Ravi Kant Upadhyay. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.