FI Ezeibe, CA Akpan, IJ Ogbonna, ME Sanda, E Kalu, NU Njoku, MI Udobi, D Herbert and MCO Ezeibe*

College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: MCO Ezeibe, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

Received: September 11, 2025; Published: September 19, 2025

Abstract

Increasing incidences of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) globally, demand that medicines` efficacies and patients` immunity be improved for treatments to achieve ≥ 95% infections` reduction so that post-treatment immunity completes their termination, leaving none that may develop resistance. Improving efficacies also reduces doses used on food-animals and their side effects, for drug-residues in human foods from animals to reduce (AMR-preventive measure) while patients` immunity improves. To test these hypotheses, Medicinal synthetic Aluminum magnesium silicate® (MSAMS), a brand of Aluminum magnesium silicate (pharmaceutical nano-stabilizer), was incorporated to Piperazine, Ampicillin, Chloroquine and Sulfadimidine (to prolong their high-bioavailability time and enhance their delivery) for their efficacies to improve. Piperazine`s and Ampicillin`s recommended dosages reduced 82.94% and 80.68% of sensitive Helignosomoides bakeri infestation and Salmonella gallinarum infection, respectively (cure: ≥ 80.00%-reduction), while their 75% dosages in MSAMS, reduced 96.82% of the helminth and 97.84% of the bacterium (termination). Supporting 75% dosages of MSAMS-formulated Ampicillin, Sulfadimidine and Chloroquine with antioxidants cured Ampicillin-resistant E. coli (95.70%), Sulfadimidine-resistant E. coli (84.34%) and Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei (100%) infections. We conclude that tagging pharmaceutical nano-stabilizers to antimicrobials and treating with their 75% dosages, supported with antioxidants overcome AMR.

Keywords: Prolonging High-Bioavailability Time; Enhancing Delivery; Reducing Side-Effects

References

1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17373-pleural-effusion
2. Abufaied M., et al. “A Rare and Challenging Presentation of Empyema Necessitans/Necessitasis Leading to Brachial Plexopathy”. Cureus5 (2020).
3. Kapila A., et al. “Empyema necessitans: An unexpected infectious presentation of multiple myeloma”. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases4 (2017): 163-164.
4. https://www.healthline.com/health/empyema
5. Zeinali Nezhad N., et al. “Empyema necessitans as a rare manifestation of Staphylococcus aureus”. Clinical Case Reports4 (2024): e8697.
6. Yauba MS., et al. “Empyema necessitans complicating pleural effusion associated with Proteus species infection: a diagnostic dilemma”. Case Reports in Pediatrics 1 (2015): 108174.
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459237/
8. SRB’s manual of surgery, 5^th edition volume 2 pg no 1119.
9. https://www.healthline.com/health/empyema
10. Garvia V and Paul M. “Empyema”. InStatPearls. StatPearls Publishing (2023).
11. Iguina MM and Danckers M. “Thoracic empyema”. InStatPearls. StatPearls Publishing (2023).
12. https://www.osmosis.org/answers/empyema
13. http://www.mactheknife.org/Scoring_systems/Empyema.html

Citation

Citation: MCO Ezeibe.,et al. “Using pharmaceutical nano-stabilizers to overcome Antimicrobial Resistance". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 9.10 (2025): 12-16.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 MCO Ezeibe.,et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.