Farah Hisham¹, Salma Rafaat Abdel Aziz², Rana Ab El Rahman³, Radwa El Borolossy⁴ and Nagwa Ali Sabri⁴*

¹Inpatient Clinical Pharmacist, El Demerdash hospital, Cairo, Egypt
²Inpatient Clinical Pharmacist, Dar El Shefa hospital, Cairo, Egypt
³Inpatient Clinical Pharmacist, Mansyet El Bakry hospital, Cairo, Egypt
⁴Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

*Corresponding Author: Nagwa Ali Sabri, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Received: August 28, 2021; Published: September 18, 2021

Abstract

Background: The highly infectious and pathogenic novel coronavirus has emerged causing a global pandemic. Covid-19 causes complications that affect a lot of system in the body and may be without known pathophysiology as delirium, musculoskeletal, neurological, gastrointestinal and hematological complications.

Methods: A literature search was performed to obtain data regarding incidence, causes, clinical presentation, and how to manage post covid-19 syndrome.

Results: Patients need to be rehabilitated to prevent these chronic symptoms. It was reported that 7.5% of individuals has impaired consciousness as a post covid-19 complication. On the other hand, cardiac consequences, musculoskeletal events, and hepatic impairment as a result of prolonged ICU admission may occur. Further complications like thrombotic events, psychological events, neuropathy, and GIT problems as diarrhea are likely to occur. Different anticoagulation therapies betrixaban, rivaroxaban, LMW heparin are used for thrombotic events prophylaxis/management. For pulmonary, cardiac, psychological, and musculoskeletal rehabilitation management different protocols are used.

Conclusion: We can conclude that post covid-19 follow-up is necessary for cured patients, as 45% of the discharged patients may require healthcare and social assistance, and 4% may require rehabilitation.

Keywords: Post Covid-19 Syndrome; Delirium; GI; Hepatic; Musculoskeletal; Neuropathy

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Citation

Citation: Nagwa Ali Sabri., et al. “Post COVID-19 Syndrome. Incidence, Causes and Management". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 5.10 (2021): 59-66.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Nagwa Ali Sabri., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.