Acta Scientific Paediatrics (ISSN: 2581-883X)

Review Article Volume 3 Issue 9

Hyponatremia in Sick Children: A Marker of Critical Illness

Mir Mohammad Yusuf*

Assistant Professor, Critical Care Department, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health (BICH), Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh

*Corresponding Author: Mir Mohammad Yusuf, Assistant Professor, Critical Care Department, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health (BICH), Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh.

Received: June 24, 2020; Published: August 24, 2020

×

Abstract

Children who required intensive care are vulnerable to electrolyte derangement and hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality among this population. Hence its implication is so much important with perfect interpretation. Abnormality of hyponatremia occurs in a variety of condition and results in morbidity or mortality; especially in acutely sick children indicate a poor prognosis. Moreover, a precise information on pathophysiologic implications and outcome of hyponatremia in sick children is lacking. In this review, we provide an update focused on the association between hyponatremia and critically sick hospitalized children and related concern.

Keywords:Hyponatremia; Sick Children; Critical Illness

×

References

  1. Morgan DB and Thomas TH. “Water balance and hyponatremia”. Clinical Science 56 (1979): 517-522.
  2. Sterns Rh. “Severe symptomatic hyponatremia: Treatment and outcome- A study of 64 cases”. Annals of Internal Medicine 107 (1987): 656-664.
  3. Moritz ML and Ayus JC. “Disorder of water metabolismin children: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia”. Pediatric Review 23 (2002): 371-379.
  4. Farrel C and Rio MD. “Hyponatremia”. Pediatric Review 28 (2007): 426-428.
  5. Upadhyay A., et al. “Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia”. The American Journal of Medicine 119 (2006): 30-35.
  6. Goh KP. “Management of hyponatremia”. American Family Physician 69 (2004): 2387-2394.
  7. Sterns S. “Antinatriureic peptides”. In Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney (5th Edition) (2013): 1511-1513. 
  8. Antunes-Rodrigues J., et al. “Neuroendocrine control of body fluid metabolism". Physiological Reviews 84.1 (2004): 169-208. 
  9. Baylis PH and Thompson CJ. "Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion and thirst in health and disease". Clinical Endocrinology 29.5 (1988): 549-576.
  10. Ball SG and Iqbal Z. "Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia". Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 30.2 (2016): 161-73.
  11. Sterns RH., et al. “Hyponatremia". In Alpern, Robert J. Moe, Orson W. Caplan, Michael (eds.). Seldin and Giebisch's The Kidney Physiology and Pathophysiology (5th ed.) Burlington: Elsevier Science (2013). 
  12. Kwon TH., et al. “Physiology and pathophysiology of renal aquaporins". Seminars in Nephrology 21.3 (2001): 231-238. 
  13. Diringer M. “Neurologic manifestations of major electrolyte abnormalities”. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 141 (2017): 705-713. 
  14. DeVita MV., et al. “Incidence and etiology of hyponatremia in an intensive care unit”. Clinical Nephrology 34 (1990): 163-166.
  15. Mamun MAA., et al. “Incidence and immediate outcome of hyponatremia in neonate in intensive care unit”. DS (Child) H J 29.1 (2013): 3-8.
  16. Babar S. "SIADH Associated With Ciprofloxacin" . The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 47.10 (2013): 1359-1363. 
  17. Sabatine, Marc S. Pocket medicine (Fifth ed.) [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc (2014). 
  18. Adrogue HJ and Madias NE. “Hyponatremia”. The New England Journal of Medicine 342 (2000): 1581-1589.
  19. Haycock GB. “Hyponatremia: Diagnosis and management”. Archives of Disease in Childhood 91 (2006): 37-41.
  20. Modi N. “Renal function, fluid and electrolyte balance”. In: Roberton NRC, Rennie JM, editors. Textbook of Neonatology. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone (1999): 1009-1036.
  21. Modi N. “Hyponatremia in newborn”. Archives of Disease in Childhood 78 (1998): 81-84.
  22. Baylis PH. “The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion”. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 35 (2003): 1495-1499.
  23. Greenbaum LA. “Electrolytes and acid base disorder”. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Saunders Elsevier: Philadelphia (2008): 267-309.
  24. Zamboli P., et al. “Hyponatremia secondary to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion”. Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia 25 (2008): 554-561.
  25. Rivkees SA. “Differentiating appropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, inappropriate antidiuretic chormone secretion and cerebral salt wasting: the common, uncommon and misnamed”. Current Pediatric Ophthalmology 20 (2008): 448-452.
  26. Dhawan A., et al. “Hyponatremia and the inappropriate ADH syndrome in pneumonia”. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 12 (1992): 455-456.
  27. Anderson RJ., et al. “Hyponatremia: A prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin”. Annals of Internal Medicine 102 (1985): 164-168.
  28. Baran D., et al. “The outcome of hyponatremia in a general hospital population”. Clinical Nephrology 22 (1984): 72-76.
  29. Samadi AR., et al. “Consequences of huponatremia and hypernatremia in children with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh”. British Medical Journal 296 (1983): 1313-1316.
  30. Hossain MM., et al. “Electrolyte abnormalities in neonates admitted in Intensive Care Unit”. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 28 (2004): 13-17.
  31. Hoorn EJ., et al. “Acute in-hospital hyponatremia in children: an observational study”. Critical Care 6 (2002): 168.
  32. Skippen P and Add R. “Iatrogenic hyponatremia in hospitalized children: Can it be avoided?” Paediatric Child Health 13 (2008): 502-506.
  33. Lain J., et al. “Type of fluid disorder in children with bacterial meningitis”. Acta Paediatrica 80 (2008): 1031-1036.
  34. Bell MJ., et al. “Development of hyponatremia in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit”. Journal of Paediatrics 152 (2008): 33-38.
  35. Lambert HJ., et al. “Does positive pressure ventilation increase arginine vasopressin in preterm neonates?” Archives of Disease in Childhood 78 (1998): 38-42.
  36. Milionis HJ., et al. “The hyponatremic patient: a systemic approach to laboratory diagnosis”. CMAJ 167 (2002): 1056-1052.
  37. Sherlock M., et al. “The incidence and pathophysiology of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage”. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf) 64 (2006): 250-254.
  38. Stelfox HT., et al. “The epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care units”. Critical Care 12 (2008): 162.
  39. Waikar SS., et al. “Mortality after hospitalization with mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia”. The American Journal of Medicine 122 (2009): 857-865.
  40. Berl T. “Treating hyponatremia: Damned if we do and damned if we don’t”. Kidney International 37 (1990): 1006-1018.
  41. Sunit S. “Hyponatremia in hospitalized critically ill children: Current concepts”. The Indian Journal of Paediatrics 71 (2004): 803-807.
  42. Dineen R., et al. “Hyponatraemia - presentations and management". Clinical Medicine 17.3 (2017): 263-269.
  43. Black RM. “Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia”. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 4 (1989): 205-220.
  44. Schürer L., et al. “Water and Electrolyte Regulation". In Lumenta, Christianto B. Di Rocco, Concezio Haase Jens., et al. “Neurosurgery”. European Manual of Medicine (2010): 611-615. 
  45. Rajesh P. “Hyponatremia in Critically ill patients”. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 18.2 (2014): 83-87.
  46. Natti EE and Edwards WH. “Brain and CSF water in newborn during acute hypo and hypernatremia”. Journal of Applied Physiology 51 (1981): 1086-1091.
  47. Filippatos TD., et al. “Ten pitfalls in the proper management of patients with hyponatremia". Postgraduate Medicine 128.5 (2016): 516-522.
  48. Bernsen HJ and Prick MJ. "Improvement of central pontine myelinolysis as demonstrated by repeated magnetic resonance imaging in a patient without evidence of hyponatremia". Acta Neurologica Belgica 99.3 (1999): 189-193.
  49. Ashrafian H., et al. “A review of the causes of central pontine myelinosis: yet another apoptotic illness?". European Journal of Neurology 8 (2000): 103-109.
  50. Abbott R., et al. “Osmotic demyelination syndrome". BMJ 331.7520 (2005): 829-830.
  51. Laureno R and Karp BI. “Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia”. Lancet 1 (1988): 1439-1441. 
  52. Patrick C. “Physician Assistant Review”. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2012): 245.
×

Citation

Citation: Mir Mohammad Yusuf. “Hyponatremia in Sick Children: A Marker of Critical Illness”. Acta Scientific Paediatrics 3.9 (2020): 27-32.




Metrics

Acceptance rate33%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.197

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is April 30th, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue".
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US