Parvin Mozafari*

Faculty of Medicine, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

*Corresponding Author: Parvin Mozafari, Faculty of Medicine, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Received: December 26, 2025; Published: December 31, 2025

Abstract

The concept of neuroplasticity, which is the brain ability to restructure, reconnect and re-function in response to experience, injury, or environmental conditions, is important to maintain cognitive and motor functions throughout the lifespan. There is growing evidence to suggest that neurocircuit impairments may result in learning, memory, sensory processing and adaptive behavior deficits, as they do in neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions. The mechanisms that underlie neuroplasticity are therefore critical in defining ways of delivering strategies geared to achieving functional recovery and resilience of the brain. This abstract review the recent experimental, translational studies clarifying the mechanisms of cellular, molecular, and circuit-based neuroplasticity. Significant findings in human and rodent studies highlight the influence of adaptive responses by modulatory neurotransmitter systems, thalamocortical connections, cortico-cortical connections, inhibitory- excitatory interactions and synaptic plasticity. Targeted circuit modulation can be used to improve behavioral post-injury and disease models, and this has been demonstrated using optogenetic and electrophysiological technology. Also, it has been shown that behavioral studies can employ endogenous plasticity to assist in restoring functions by enhancing sensory input, cognitive training, and rehabilitation. More importantly, recent studies based on mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder have shown that too much or aberrant activity in the brain circuit leads to adaptive behavioral and cognitive performance difficulties. The restoration of network balance through pharmacologic and genetic and neuromodulator methods shows that neuroplasticity functions as a tool for deficit recovery which leads to better social and cognitive and sensory results. Research using stroke and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease models shows that brain plasticity which depends on activity enables the brain to reorganize itself for compensation which provides valuable information for developing new medical treatments. Research findings reveal multiple brain resilience mechanisms which show neuroplasticity functions at molecular and synaptic and network levels. This review combines evidence based on both animal and human research in explaining how increased neuroplasticity knowledge can inform clinical practice, improve recovery and rehabilitation efforts and how novel interventions to cognitive, motor, and behavioral disorders can be developed. To conclude, the concept of neuroplasticity and knowledge enables scientists to understand brain adaptation through its plasticity which leads to development of treatment methods for functional recovery. The research findings create essential knowledge which scientists can apply to build medical treatments for neurorehabilitation and precision medicine and translational neuroscience that will generate enhanced patient outcomes and improved brain resilience in healthy and diseased states.

Keywords:Neuroplasticity; Brain Resilience; Functional Recovery; Neural Circuits; Rehabilitation; Synaptic Remodeling

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Citation

Citation: Parvin Mozafari. “Harnessing Neuroplasticity: Mechanisms of Brain Resilience and Functional Recovery".Acta Scientific Neurology 9.1 (2026): 34-44.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Parvin Mozafari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.