Seema Tewari*, Dilip Verma, Manish Bajpai, Ganesh Yadav, Anit Parihar and KK Sawlani

Department of Physiology, King Geroge Medical College, India

*Corresponding Author: Seema Tewari, Department of Physiology, King Geroge Medical College, India.

Received: August 22, 2025; Published: September 25, 2025

Abstract

Introduction: India is relatively young country as compared to western or far eastern countries. After 40 years of age nearly all are prone to prediabetes and then diabetes due to rapid epidemiological transition and positive familial history as shown by CURES STUDY from south India. Prediabetes and Diabetes are positively co-related to central abdominal fat. It is already proved that android pattern of fat distribution is co-related with prediabetes and diabetes not gynoid fat in the subject. Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) is the fat accumulated in viscera and muscles. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT) is the fat accumulation in subcutaneous region of whole body. This adiposity feature is the main risk factor for prediabetes which further leads to diabetes and then sarcopenia and frailty. Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) calculates fat in the form of VAT, SAT very readily and effectively by an affordable, less harmful and non-invasive tool as compared to CT scan and MRI scan. So, DXA can diagnose prediabetes in time, then this endemic can be preventable. This study is a part of my ethically approved large study of sarcopenia and walk test in TYPE 2 DIABETES MILLETUS (T2 DM).

Method: This is a cross-sectional-study of 46-patients (23 normal-subjects and 23 T2DM patients), taken from diabetic-clinic of department-of-medicine KGMU-UP. T2DM patients (n = 23) with history more than 5 years with mean HBA1C of 7.5 and compared with normal persons (n = 23). DXA is used to calculate BMI, VAT, SAT, FMI (FAT MASS INDEX), LMI (LEAN MASS INDEX), FMR-A/G- FAT MASS RATIO (ANDROID/GYNOID), FMR-T/L - FAT MASS RATIO (TRUCK/LIMB RATIO) in T2DM patients (n = 23) with history more than 5 years with mean HBA1C of 7.5 and compared with normal persons (n = 23).

Result: Across both sexes demonstrated an increase in adiposity measures (BMI, FM, FMI, VAT) peaking in the 50 -< 60 yrs age category, with lean mass indices remaining comparatively uniform across age. This pattern suggests that, within the case group, middle age was associated with greater fat accumulation-especially visceral fat-without substantial loss of lean tissue BMI mean at 50 years of age. BMI of case (T2DM) in male is calculated as 27.4 ± 1.9 and in female as 28.9 ± 3.4, BMI of normal subject in male is calculated as 26 ± 4.4 and in female as 27.5 ± 4.4. FMI of case (T2DM) in male is calculated as 8.19 ± 2.54 and in female as 10.34 ± 2.74, FMI of normal subject in male is calculated as 5.3 ± 3.1 and in female as 8.3 ± 3.1. LMI of case (T2DM) in male is calculated as 18.06 ± 2.64 and in female as 16.13 ± 1.56, LMI of normal subject in male is calculated as 20.8 ± 2.4 and in female as 19.6 ± 1.9. FMR-A/G of case (T2DM) in male is calculated as 1 and in female as 1, FMR-A/G of normal subject in male is calculated as 1.02 and in female as 0.76. FMR-T/L of case (T2DM) in male is calculated as 3 and in female as 1.14, FMR-T/L of normal subject in male is calculated as 2.6 and in female as 1.35.

Conclusions: In a nutshell, we found in this study there is a mirror (inverse ✂) relation between normal subjects and T2DM patients after 55 years of age as for as the graph is concerned in body parameters (BMI, FMI, LMI, FMR-A/G AND FMR-T/L). North Indians (from 40 to 70 years in 46 patients-23 each) of urban and rural background has been found to have deranged body parameters (BMI, FMI, LMI, FMR-A/G AND FMR-T/L) that causes T2DM in later life. In addition, this study reports LMI reference values with regard to fat mass quantities, showing a positive association with increasing FMI percentiles and BMI categories. Public health awareness after proper screening by DXA, government sponsored Diabetes campaign in the form of screening of vulnerable population in specific age group from 40 years (positive family history and epidemiological history) via DXA diagnosing T2DM in the form of prediabetes and later diabetes, interventions should target modifiable risk factors to slow down the diabetes epidemic in this population.

Keywords: Dexa; T2DM; Walk Tests; Left Cerebral Dominance

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Citation

Citation: Seema Tewari., et al. “Walk And Dexa Test Predicts T2dm By Appendicular Right Lateralisation Loss".Acta Scientific Neurology 8.10 (2025): 61-79.

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Copyright: © 2025 Seema Tewari., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.