Quality of Life of Patients with Undiagnosed Anxiety Disorder in PSMMC Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh
Raghad Alomaim1*, Nouf Almansour1, Ghazlan Alhenaki2 and Mostafa Kofi3
1Family Medicine Resident, FCM Department, PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2Medical Intern, FCM Department, PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3Professor, Consultant , FCM Department, PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author: Raghad Alomaim, Family Medicine Resident, FCM Department, PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Received:
February 06, 2024; Published: February 19, 2024
Abstract
Background: The impact of undiagnosed anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life has been well-documented in the literature. However, the health-related quality of life of individuals with undiagnosed anxiety disorder remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life of individuals with undiagnosed anxiety disorder and its association with socio-demographic factors.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey-based study. Participants were recruited through an online survey, targeting male and female participants in various age groups, we required a sample size of 300 subjects to fulfill the objectives of our study. This sample size was calculated assuming a 30% prevalence of anxiety disorder.
Result: The results revealed a significant association between anxiety levels and socio-demographic factors, specifically gender, age group, and job status. Females, younger individuals (18-24 years), and students were found to have higher anxiety levels compared to their counterparts.
In terms of HRQoL, both anxiety and depression levels showed a statistically significant impact on various HRQoL parameters, with the effect size varying depending on the constant term (β_0) and the coefficient of anxiety or depression (β_1).
Conclusion: The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety, depression, and HRQoL, with gender, age group, and job status being the significant socio-demographic factors. The findings highlight the need for early detection and intervention to improve the HRQoL of individuals with undiagnosed HAD.
Keywords: Undiagnosed Anxiety; Health; Quality of Life; Primary Health Care
References
- David J Katzelnick and John H Greist. “Social Anxiety Disorder: An Unrecognized Problem in Primary Care”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2001).
- Murray B Stein, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. “Attending to Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2003).
- Afework Edmealem and Caridad Sanchez Olis. “Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Diabetes, Hypertension, and Heart Failure Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia”. Hindawi, (2020).
- Hideki Kajiwara., et al. “Utilizing a medical questionnaire to predict anxiety and depression in outpatients”. International Journal of General Medicine (2016).
- Abdulaziz Mohammed., et al. “Unrecognized psychiatric disorders among adult patients admitted into a general hospital in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria”. Pan African Medical Journal (2014).
- Warren H Schonfeld., et al. “The functioning and well-being of patients with unrecognized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder”. Elsevier (1998).
- Sheila K Fifer., et al. “Untreated Anxiety Among Adult Primary Care Patients in a Health Maintenance Organization”. Archives of Genetic Psychiatry (1994).
- Bruce L Rollman., et al. “Symptomatic Severity of Prime-MD Diagnosed Episodes of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Primary Care”. JGIM (2005).
- Alvah R Cass., et al. “Health- Related Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients with Recognized and Unrecognized Mood and Anxiety Disorders”. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine (1999).
- Siegfried Kasper. “Anxiety disorders: under-diagnosed and insufficiently treated”. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice (2009).
- Kylee Lewis., et al. “The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undiagnosed Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease”. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2019).
- Ivan Koychev and Klaus P Ebmeier. “Anxiety in older adults often goes undiagnosed”. Practitioner (2016).
- Murray B Stein. “Attending to anxiety disorders in primary care”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2003).
- M Préville., et al. “Detection of depression and anxiety disorders by home care nurses”. Aging Mental Health (2010).
- Souheil Hallit., et al. “An Arabic Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (30 Items): Psychometric Properties and Some Findings in a Lebanese Elderly Sample”. Psychopathology (2018).
- Patricia G Oʼbrien and Loraine Fleming. “Recognizing anxiety disorders”. The Nurse Practitioner (2012).
- Mauro V Mendlowicz., et al. “Quality of Life in Individuals with Anxiety Disorders”. American Journal of Psychiatry (2000).
- Emily K Porensky MA., et al. “The Burden of Late-Life Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Effects on Disability, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Healthcare Utilization”. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (2013).
- Terri L Barrera and Peter J Norton. “Quality of life impairment in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder”. Journal of Anxiety Disorders (2009).
- Mark Hyman Rapaport MD., et al. “Quality-of-Life Impairment in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders”. The American Journal of Psychiatry (2005).
- Spitzer RL., et al. “Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study”. JAMA 22 (1994): 1749-1756.
- Coyne JC., et al. “Nondetection of depression by primary care physicians reconsidered”. General Hospital Psychiatry1 (1995): 3-12.
- Mohammed A., et al. “Unrecognized psychiatric disorders among adult patients admitted into a general hospital in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria”. The Pan African Medical Journal197 (2014).
- General Authority for Statistics, SA. General Authority for Statistics. Population in Riyadh region by gender, age group, and nationality (Saudi/Non-Saudi) (2018).
- Cass AR., et al. “Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients with Recognized and Unrecognized Mood and Anxiety Disorders”. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine3 (1999): 293-309.
- Kavelaars R., et al. “The burden of anxiety among a nationally representative US adult population”. Journal of Affective Disorders 336 (2023): 81-91.
Citation
Copyright