Jabbar Hussein Kamel¹ and Faraed Dawood Salman²*

¹Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Head of Conservative Department, Tishk University, Iraq
²Professor, Department of Dental Assistant, Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq

*Corresponding Author: Faraed Dawood Salman, Professor, Department of Dental Assistant, Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.

Received: March 02, 2023; Published: March 20, 2023

Abstract

Background: Overhanging approximate restoration may cause gingival aggravation periodontal tissue devastation, diminishes alveolar bone height, and recurrence of caries. Gap formation from margin of restoration may cause food impaction which leads to caries recurrence and if it happens inside restoration it will lead to weakening of restoration.

Aims of the Study: The present study aims to assess the overhang and gap formation frequency in patients who visited the dental clinic of Tishk University of Medical sciences/conservative department for 4^th and 5^th grade undergraduate course.

Materials and Methods: A random sample was collected from patients required class II restorations attending conservative department/dentistry college/Tishk University according to questionnaires which have been made for 4^th and 5^th grades that include personal information and type of restorative material which has been used, radiographs were taken (posterior bitewing) utilizing paralleling technique, then viewed on computer and change pictures’ contrast, printed out and bound with its own questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test at P < 0.05 to find out the relationship.

Results: There was a statistically significant association between overhang and the following parameters: gender of clinician, type of tooth, type of restoration at P < 0.05 level, while non-significant difference was found between overhang and following parameters; student’s grade, gender of patient, location of tooth in jaw, and side of restoration at P > 0.05 level.

For Gap Formation: There was a statistically significant association between gap formation and the following parameters: location of tooth in jaw, side of restoration, and type of restoration at P < 0.05 level. While there were non statistically significant relationships between gap formation and the following parameters: student’s grade, gender of patient, gender of clinician, and type of tooth at P > 0.05 level.

Conclusion: According to the present study, 20% of all surfaces that have been restored showed presence of overhang while (80%) were free from overhang, in relation to gap formation (25.6%) of restorations have gap formation while (74.4%) were free.

 Keywords: Overhang; Gap Formation; Prevalence; Restorations

References

1. Britta Hahn., et al. “Influence of matrix type on marginal gap formation of deep class II Bulk-Fill composite restorations”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (2022): 4961.
2. Parsell DE., et al. “The effect of amalgam overhangs on alveolar bone height as a function of patient age and overhang width”. Open Dentistry 23 (1998): 94-99.
3. Qualtrough A J and Wilson N H. “The history development and use of interproximal wedges in clinical practice”. Dental Update 18 (1991): 66-70.
4. Yasser AL-Fawaz., et al. “A comparative study between the effect of class II amalgam and composite restorations in posterior teeth on periodontal tissues health”. Egyptian Dental Journal3 (2017).
5. Gilmore N and Sheiham A. “Overhanging dental restorations and periodontal disease”. Journal of Periodontology1 (1971): 8-12.
6. Than A., et al. “Relationship between restorations and the level of the periodontal attachment”. Journal of Clinical Periodontology3 (1982): 193-202.
7. Misnova SuriJana Mappangara. “Management of periodontal destruction caused by overhanging dental restoration. Abstracts of the 9^th International Scientific Meeting in Dentistry”. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1 (2016): 140 s.
8. Areej Ahmed Najm., et al. “Clinical and Radiographical Assessment of alveolar bone loss associated with overhang amalgam filling”. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Science 7.1 (2018): 11-16.
9. Al-Hamdan KS. “Prevalence of overhang interproximal amalgam restorations”. PODJ 28 (2008): 245-247.
10. Paarman C and Beckman T. “Polishing amalgam restorations. A self-module study” (2005).
11. Meltem Tekbas., et al. “Frequency and localization of overhanging restorations”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2 (2020).
12. Chan DCN and Chung AKH. “Management of idiopathic subgingival amalgam hypertrophy- the common amalgam overhang”. Operative Dentistry 34 (2009): 753-758.
13. Yasar F., et al. “Alveolar bone changes under overhanging restorations”. Clinical Oral Investigations 14 (2010): 543-549.
14. Turki A Bakhsh., et al. “Effect of Light Irradiation Condition on Gap formation under Polymeric Dental Restoration; OCT Study”. ZEMEDI-10815.
15. Moncada GC., et al. “Alternative treatments for resin-based composite and amalgam restorations with marginal defects: a 12-month clinical trial”. General Dentistry 50 (2006): 314-318.
16. Fauzia Quadir., et al. “Overhang Amalgam Restorations by Undergraduate Students”. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (2009): 485-488.
17. Dana M Yawer., et al. “Prevalence of amalgam overhang in Erbil city population”. Polytechnic Journal (2020).
18. Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani., et al. “The prevalence of overhanging margins in posterior amalgam”. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (2015): 63-65.
19. Maryam Tavangar., et al. “The Prevalence of Restoration Overhang in Patients Referred to the Dental Clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences”. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Pathology and Surgery 1 (2016).
20. Mark Kanen H., et al. “Alveolar bone loss in relation to periodontal treatment need, socioeconomic status and dental health". Journal of Periodontology2 (1981): 99-103.
21. Hakkarainen Kristina and Jukka Ainamo. "Influence of overhanging posterior tooth restorations on alveolar bone height in adults”. Journal of Clinical Periodontology2 (1980): 114-120.
22. Adel F Ibraheem., et al. “Prevalence of overhang margins in posterior amalgam restorations and alveolar bone resorption”. Journal of College Dentistry (2005): 11-13.
23. Kells BE and GJ Linden. “Overhanging amalgam restorations in young adults attending a periodontal department”. Journal of Dentistry2 (1992): 85-89.
24. Kasaj A., et al. “Assessment of alveolar bone loss and angular bony defects on panoramic radiographs”. European Journal of Medical Research1 (2008): 26.
25. Saberi Bardia Vadiati., et al. “Assessment of digital panoramic radiography’s diagnostic value in angular bony lesions with 5mm or deeper pocket depth in mandibular molars”. Dental Research Journal1 (2017): 32.
26. Cidreira Boaro L C., et al. “Clinical performance and chemical-physical properties of bulk fill composites resin-A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Dental Material 35 (2019): e249-e264.
27. AR Benetti., et al. “Bulk-Fill Resin Composites: Polymerization Contraction, Depth of Cure, and Gap Formation”. Operative Dentistry2 (2015): 190-200.
28. Alizadeh Oskoeep., et al. “The Effect of Pre-Heating Silorane-Based Composite Resin on Marginal Gap Formation of Class V Restorations”. Journal of Dental Biomechanics4 (2017): 468-474.
29. Nirma Iqbal. “In-Vitro Analysis of Gap formation between tooth restoration interfaces using Bulk Fill and Incremental Fill Composites”. IJDSIR 3 (2020): 05-08.
30. FH Coelho-de-Souza., et al. “Fracture Resistance and Gap Formation of MOD Restorations: Influence of Restorative Technique, Bevel Preparation and Water Storage”. Operative Dentistry1 (2008): 37-43

Citation

Citation: Jabbar Hussein Kamel and Faraed Dawood Salman. “The Prevalence of Overhang and Gap Formation in Posterior Amalgam and Composite Restorations Among 4^th and 5^th Stage Undergraduate Students/Tishk University”.Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 7.4 (2023): 145-156.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Jabbar Hussein Kamel and Faraed Dawood Salman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.