Ambe Fabrice Ngwa^1-3*, Ekwi Damian Nsongmayi⁴, Sirri Kelley Ambe³, Tanyi Pride Bobga^1,2, Bertrand Ngwa Sangwe⁶, Bih Vanessa Tita^3,6 and Ebai Christabel Ashu⁵

¹Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of
Buea, Cameroon
²Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of Buea, Cameroon
³School of Medical and Biomedical Sciences, Fomic Polytechnic University, Buea,
Cameroon
⁴Department of Biomedical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of
Ebolowa, Cameroon
⁵Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science,
University of Douala, Cameroon
⁶Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda,
Cameroon

*Corresponding Author: Ambe Fabrice Ngwa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

Received: August 11, 2025; Published: May 29, 2026

Abstract

Background: This study assessed the etiologic profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and associated risk factors of UTIs among reproductive-age females attending the Logbaba District Hospital, Douala.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2023, recruiting 259 females using convenient sampling. Sociodemographic and risk factors information was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Mid-stream urine samples were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient media, and isolates were identified using API 20. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using a modified Kirby-Bauer susceptibility testing technique. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with UTIs (p-value < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results: The overall prevalence of UTIs among reproductive-age females was 82/259 (31.66%). Ages ranging from 21 - 30 years (AOR: 2.53, 1.32 - 4.43, p = 0.006) and 31 - 40 years (AOR: 0.19, 0.14 - 0.54; p < 0.0001), student (AOR: 1.8, 1.21 - 2.75; p = 0.010), history of UTI (AOR: 5.34, 1.86 - 18.15; p = 0.03), symptomatic (AOR = 2.86, 1.78 - 4.67, p <0.0001) and secondary education (AOR: 0.13, 0.08 - 0.32; p < 0.0001) were predictors to UTI. Klebsiella Pneumoniae was the most frequent species 27 (32.9%), followed by E coli 22(26.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 16 (19.5%), CONS 8 (9.8%), Proteus mirabilis 6 (7.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(3.7%). Majority of the isolates were sensitive to Cefotaxime (87.80%), Imipenem (85.7%), Ofloxacin (76.83%), Ceftriaxone (75.61%), Ciprofloxacin (74.39%), Gentamicin (71.95%) and Doxycycline (69.51%), but resistant to Amoxicillin (51.22%), cotrimoxazole (47.56%) and Erythromycin (31.71%). All the isolates showed multidrug resistance (100%), and Klebsiella Pneumoniae and E coli were the most multidrug resistant species.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of UTIs and multidrug-resistant strains highlights the need for targeted antimicrobial selection to improve treatment outcomes in this population.

Keywords: Etiologic Agents; Antibiotic Susceptibility; Reproductive Age Females; Risk Factors; Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); Logbaba District Hospital

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Citation

Citation: Ambe Fabrice Ngwa., et al. “Comparative Analysis of Etiologic Agents, Associated Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infections Among Reproductive-Age Females Attending the Logbaba District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon". Acta Scientific Microbiology 9.6 (2026): 03-16.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Ambe Fabrice Ngwa., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.