Nanditha Chandran, Arjun MR, Jilu Jessy Abraham, Akshaya R and Adhithya Jees

Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, India

*Corresponding Author: Nanditha Chandran, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, India.

Received: May 13, 2026; Published: June 24, 2026

The increasing use of multiple medications in chronic disease management has raised concerns about drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and their impact on patient safety. This challenge is particularly significant in health conditions such as diabetes, which often associates with comorbidities like increased blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and heart ailments. Such health conditions and their comorbidities require complex multi-drug regimens or polypharmacy. Drug–Drug Interaction (DDIs) occurs when one drug interferes with the pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic functions of the other drug, potentially leading to severe toxicity or treatment failure. Such interactions are a major contributor to hospital admissions, and the associated risks escalate as the number of medications increases. This research work, presents a clinical decision-support system which analyzes DDI of multi-drug combinations. It also calculates the overall DDI risk, identifying the risk-contributing drug and suggesting its safer therapeutic alternative. By converting DDI interaction analysis into clear and actionable guidance, this system helps in selecting safer drug combinations and supports better clinical decision-making.

Keyworda: Drug–Drug Interaction (DDIs); Graph Neural Network (GNN)

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Citation

Citation: Nanditha Chandran., et al. “Smoking and its Effects on Periodontium - An Overview". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 10.7 (2026): 20-23.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Nanditha Chandran., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.