Pradeep Subbaiah¹*, Suma S² and Jyothikiran H³

¹Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India
²Reade, Department of Orthodontics, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India
³Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India

*Corresponding Author: Pradeep Subbaiah, Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India.

Received: March 15, 2022; Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract

Aims and Objectives

• To compare the influence of cleft lip and palate repair on craniofacial morphology of patients with cleft lip and palate.
• To compare the growth among operated and unoperated patients.

Material and Methods: A total of 36 individuals with cleft lip and palate (eighteen unoperated and eighteen operated) were chosen for the study. The purposive sampling approach is used for sampling. The patients were categorized into two groups, which were then subdivided into three subgroups, with six patients in each. A statistical evaluation was performed via descriptive statistics, including the independent "t" test and ANOVA.

Result

Cranial base relationships

There was no significant difference in the mean N-S-Ba in this study (p = 1 for birth to 3 years, p = 0.575 for 6 - 12 years, and 0.786 for 12 to 20 years) and S-N (p = 1 for birth to 3 years, p = 1 for 6-12 years, and p = 0.106 for 12-20 years) value

(Table -1, figure 1-3) values were detected in both the operated and unoperated cleft groups. According to the findings, there was no variation in the cranial base angle or anterior cranial base length.

Maxillary spatial positioning

The analysis revealed that in the unoperated group, the maxilla was normal from birth to three years (mean 82.33⁰) and six to twelve years (mean 82.5⁰), but protrusive (84.6⁰) from twelve to twenty years. The mean value of SNA in the operated group was 76⁰ from birth to three years, 77⁰ from six to twelve years, and 79⁰ from twelve to twenty years, indicating that the maxilla is retrusive in all three subgroups. (Table -2)

Conclusion: In an unoperated group, the maxilla was average until the age of twelve years, after which it became prognathic. This demonstrates that the maxilla has an average growth potential in the unoperated group. The maxilla was retrognathic in the operated group, indicating that surgical correction of the cleft lip and palate impacts maxillary development.

Keywords: Cleft Lip and Palate; Nasomaxillary Complex; Operated; Unoperated

References

1. William G Shafer., et al. “Tounich - A text book of oral pathology, 4^th
2. Per-Inger Branemark and Kenji W. “Higuchi, Marcelo Ferraz De Oliveira-Rehabilitation of complete cleft lip and craniomaxillofacial defects. Textbook of oral and maxillofacial surgery". 1^st edition: 1-2.
3. Touro M Graber. “A cephalometric analysis of the development pattern and facial morphology in cleft palate”. Angle Orthodontist 2 (1949): 91-98.
4. Pedro Ribeiro Soares de Ladeira and Nivaldo Alonso. “Protocols in cleft lip and palate treatment: systematic review”. Plastic Surgery International (2012).
5. Thomas Rakosi. “An atlas and manual cephalometric radiography”. Wolfe Medical Publication Ltd (1982).
6. Alexander Jacobson and Richard L Jacobson. “Radiographic cephalometry from basics to 3-D imaging”. Quintessence Publishing Company (2006).
7. Samir E Bishara. “Cephalometric evaluation of facial growth in operated and unoperated individuals with isolated clefts of the palate”. Cleft Palate Journal3 (1973): 239-246.
8. Wilton M Krogman., et al. “A longitudinal study of the craniofacial growth pattern in children with clefts compared to normal, birth to six years”. Cleft Palate Journal1 (1975): 59-84.
9. Claudia , et al. “A comparative study between children with and without cleft lip and palate”. Cleft Palate- Craniofacial Journal 37.3 (2000): 281-285.
10. Wilton M Krogman., et al. “Sex differences in craniofacial growth from one month to ten years in cleft lip and palate”. Cleft Palate Journal1 (1982): 62-71.
11. Smahel Z. “Craniofacial morphology in adults with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate”. Cleft Palate Journal3 (1984): 159-232.
12. R Bruce Ross. “Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 1: treatment affecting growth”. Cleft Palate Journal15 (1987): 5-23.
13. Samir E Bishara., et al. “Facial and dental relationships of individuals with unoperated clefts of the lip band/or palate”. Cleft Palate Journal3 (1976): 238-252.
14. Samir E Bishara., et al. “Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: Comparisons between three cleft types”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics6 (1985): 481-505.
15. Omar Gabriel Da Silva Filho., et al. “Influence of lip repair on craniofacial morphology of patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate”. Cleft Palate - Craniofacial Journal2 (2003): 144-153.
16. Wilton M Krogman., et al. “A longitudinal study of the craniofacial growth pattern in children with clefts as compared to normal, birth to six years”. Cleft Palate Journal1 (1975): 59-84.
17. Smahel Z and Mullerova Z. “Craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate prior to palatoplasty”. Cleft Palate Journal3 (1986): 225-232.
18. Michal Mars and William JB Houston. “A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 year of age”. Cleft Palate- Craniofacial Journal1 (1990): 7-10.

Citation

Citation: Pradeep Subbaiah., et al. “The Effect of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palatal Repair and Unrepair on Nasomaxillary Complex.”. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 6.5 (2022): 108-118.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Pradeep Subbaiah., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.