Acta Scientific Dental Sciences (ISSN: 2581-4893)

Review Article Volume 4 Issue 10

Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry: One Step forward

Siji Elizabeth1*, Bhawna G Saraf2, Neha Sheoran3, Pramodh Thomas John4, Disha Kapil1 and Megha Chawla1

1PG Student, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
2Head of Department and Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
3Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
4Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram, Kerala, India

*Corresponding Author: Siji Elizabeth, PG Student, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Received: August 17, 2020; Published: September 16, 2020

×

Abstract

  Early childhood are usually associated with dental pain and anxiety among pediatric patients that is often carried into adulthood. Dental treatment of these patients are often challenging and also require adequate cooperation. Such patients can be managed using pharmacological methods. A thorough knowledge of the basic agents used for sedation is necessary. This article thus has reviewed on basic pharmacological agents used in the procedural sedation in children briefing its pharmacological properties.

Keywords: Conscious Sedation; Children; Pediatric Dentistry; Inhalational Sedation Agents; Intravenous Sedation Agents

×

References

  1. Singh Neerja., et al. “A Comparative Evaluation of Oral Midazolam With Other Sedatives as Premedication in Pediatric Dentistry”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry2 (2002): 161-164.
  2. Torres-Pérez Javier., et al. “Comparison of Three Regimens for Pediatric Dental Patients”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry3 (2007): 183-186.
  3. Kapur Arpita and Vinay Kapur. “Conscious Sedation in Dentistry”. Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery2 (2018): 320-323.
  4. Galeotti Angela., et al. “Inhalation Conscious Sedation With Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen as Alternative to General Anesthesia in Precooperative, Fearful, and Disabled Pediatric Dental Patients: A Large Survey on 688 Working Sessions”. BioMed Research International (2016): 7289310.
  5. MonheimLM and CR Bennett. Monheim’s LocalAnesthesia and PainControl in DentalPractice. American Dental Assoc, 1984; Guide lines for the use of Sedation and General Anesthesia by Dentists, Oct (2007).
  6. American Dental Association; Guide lines for the use of Sedation and General Anesthesia by Dentists; October (2007).
  7. GirdlerNM., et al. “Clinical Sedation in Dentistry”. John Wiley and Sons (2009).
  8. Oriby Mohamed EE. “Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Ketamine Versus Intranasal Midazolam Premedication for Children Undergoing Dental Rehabilitation”. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine1 (2019): e85227.
  9. Mehran Majid., et al. “Comparison of Sedative Effects of Oral Midazolam/Chloral Hydrate and Midazolam/Promethazine in Pediatric Dentistry”. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics and Dental Prospects3 (2018): 221-226.
  10. Samir P, et al. “Assessment of Hypoxia, Sedation Level, and Adverse Events Occurring During Inhalation Sedation Using Preadjusted Mix of 30% Nitrous Oxide+ 70% Oxygen”. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 35.4 (2017): 338-345.
  11. Peerbhay Fathima and Ahmed Mahgoub M Elsheikhomer. “Intranasal Midazolam Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Dental Clinic”. Anesthesia Progress3 (2016).
  12. Musani I E and N V Chandan. “A Comparison of the Sedative Effect of Oral Versus Nasal Midazolam Combined With Nitrous Oxide in Uncooperative Children”. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry5 (2015): 417-424.
  13. FraserKatie. “Why AreWe so Scared of Dentists?”.BBC News Magazine. bbc.co.uk (2009).
  14. Jackson Douglass L L and Barton SS Johnson. “Conscious Sedation for Dentistry: Risk Management and Patient Selection”. Dental Clinics of North America4 (2002): 767-780.
  15. Mitra Sukanya., et al. “Intranasal Clonidine vs. Midazolam as Premedication in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Indian Pediatrics2 (2014): 113-118.
  16. Mittal , et al. “A Double Blind Randomized Trial of Ketofol Versus Propofol for Endodontic Treatment of Anxious Pediatric Patients”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 37.4 (2013): 415-420.
  17. Tyagi , et al. “Sedative Effects of Oral Midazolam, Intravenous Midazolam and Oral Diazepam in the Dental Treatment of Children”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 37.3 (2013): 301-306.
  18. Chopra Radhika., et al. “Buccal Midazolam Spray as an Alternative to Intranasal Route for Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry2 (2013): 171-173.
  19. Fan Tai Weng Victor W., et al. “Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam for Conscious Sedation in Dental Surgery Monitored by Bispectral Index”. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery5 (2013): 428-433.
  20. Tyagi Parimala., et al. “Sedative Effects of Oral Midazolam, Intravenous Midazolam and Oral Diazepam”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry4 (2012): 383-388.
  21. Horacek Jiri., et al. “The Influence of Clonidine on Oral Ketamine-Midazolam Premedication in Intellectually Disabled Patients Indicated for Dental Procedures: Double-Blind Comparison of Two Sedation Regimes”. Neuro Endocrinology Letters4 (2012): 380-384.
  22. Pandey R, et al. “A Comparative Evaluation of Drops Versus Atomized Administration of Intranasal Ketamine for the Procedural Sedation of Young Uncooperative Pediatric Dental Patients: A Prospective Crossover Trial”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36.1 (2011): 79-84.
  23. Larsson Peter., et al. “Onset Time for Pharmacologic Premedication With Clonidine as a Nasal Aerosol: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Trial”. Paediatric Anaesthesia9 (2012): 877-883.
  24. Bahetwar S, et al. “A Comparative Evaluation of Intranasal Midazolam, Ketamine and Their Combination for Sedation of Young Uncooperative Pediatric Dental Patients: A Triple Blind Randomized Crossover Trial”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35.4 (2011): 415-420.
  25. Klein Eileen JJ., et al. “A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Oral, Aerosolized Intranasal, and Aerosolized Buccal Midazolam”. Annals of Emergency Medicine4 (2011): 323-329.
  26. Shabbir , et al. “Comparison of Oral Midazolam and Triclofos in Conscious Sedation of Uncooperative Children”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36.2 (2011): 189-196.
  27. Pandey R, et al. “Midazolam-Fentanyl Analgo-Sedation in Pediatric Dental Patients–A Pilot Study”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35.1 (2010): 105-110.
  28. Damle S, et al. “Comparison of Oral Ketamine and Oral Midazolam as Sedative Agents in Pediatric Dentistry”. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 26.3 (2008): 97-101.
  29. Costa Luciane Ribeiro de Rezende Sucasas R., et al. “A Randomized Double-Blinded Trial of Chloral Hydrate With or Without Hydroxyzine Versus Placebo for Pediatric Dental Sedation”. Brazilian Dental Journal4 (2007): 334-340.
  30. Rai Kavitha., et al. “Sedation in Uncooperative Children Undergoing Dental Procedures: A Comparative Evaluation of Midazolam, Propofol and Ketamine”. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry1 (2007): 1-4.
  31. Bhatnagar, Sushma., et al. “Efficacy and Safety of a Mixture of Ketamine, Midazolam and Atropine for Procedural Sedation in Paediatric Oncology: A Randomised Study of Oral Versus Intramuscular Route”. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health4 (2008): 201-204.
  32. Kantovitz, Kamila R R., et al. “Sedative Effect of Oral Diazepam and Chloral Hydrate in the Dental Treatment of Children”. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry2 (2007): 69-75.
  33. Horiuchi Toshinori., et al. “Evaluation of Relatively Low Dose of Oral Transmucosal Ketamine Premedication in Children: A Comparison With Oral Midazolam”. Paediatric Anaesthesia8 (2005): 643-647.
  34. Attri Joginder Pal P., et al. “Conscious Sedation: Emerging Trends in Pediatric Dentistry”. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches2 (2017): 277-281.
  35. Lahoud G Y and P A Averley. “Comparison of Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide Mixture With Nitrous Oxide Alone for Inhalation Conscious Sedation in Children Having Dental Treatment: A Randomised Controlled Trial”. Anaesthesia5 (2002): 446-450.
  36. Brogden R, et al. “Flumazenil. A Preliminary Review of Its Benzodiazepine Antagonist Properties, Intrinsic Activity and Therapeutic Use”. Drugs 35.4 (1988): 448-467.
×

Citation

Citation: Siji Elizabeth., et al. “Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry: One Step forward". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 4.10 (2020): 33-42.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.278

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is April 30th, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue".
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US