Al-Hayani AA^1,2*, Tarig AA¹ and Abu Nikhaila AM¹

¹Department of Dairy Production, Faculty of Animal Production, Khartoum University, Shambat, 13314, Sudan
²Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Thamar 87246, Yemen

*Corresponding Author: Al-Hayani AA, Department of Dairy Production, Faculty of Animal Production, Khartoum University, Shambat, 13314, Sudan.

Received: October 29, 2025; Published: December 31, 2025

Abstract

This study was undertaken to study morphometric analysis of udders and teats' relationships to milk production of Crossbred cows during the lactation stage. The research was carried out on 28 crossbred dairy cows under Sudanese conditions at the farm of the University of Khartoum, Sudan. The udders were studied by udder-shaped and teat-shaped. In addition to udder measurements of udder length, width, and depth, and teat measurements of teat length, width, and distance between teats, milk yield is also measured. The results indicated that the globular udder was the most common type (44%), followed by the bowl (39.33%), pendulous (10.66%), and goaty (6%). Similarly, cylindrical teats were more common (35.66%), followed by teats shaped as bottles (28.33%) and pears (20%), and funnel-shaped (12%) teats were the least common.

Additionally, the pear-shaped teats represented the highest length (6.92 cm), and the funnel-shaped teats represented the lowest length (6.18 cm). In cows with primiparous parity, the frequency of bowl-shaped and goaty-shaped udders was high (38.47%) and (30.76%). while, in multiparous cows, the frequency was lower (26.66% and 6.66%), respectively. Moreover, the pendulous-shaped and globular udders demonstrated a rise in udder frequency in the primiparous (15.38%) and (15.38%) cows and increased advancement in multiparous (40.02%) and (26.66%) cows, respectively. The average milk yield/day recorded was 9.13 ± 0.22 L) per cow, higher milk yields were observed in the bowl-shaped udder (10.57 ± 0.46) and cylindrical-shaped teat (9.59 ± 0.17). Therefore, the udder- and teat-shaped measurements and the selection of the udder and teat shape could be used as important criteria in selecting high-quality cows for milk production.

 Keywords: Milk Yield; Udder; Teat; Typology and Measurement

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Citation

Citation: Al-Hayani AA., et al. “Morphometric Analysis of Udders and Teats Relationships to Milk Production of Crossbred Cows During Lactation Stage".Acta Scientific Agriculture 10.1 (2026): 29-37.

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Copyright: © 2026 Al-Hayani AA., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.