Venus Das¹, Jakir Hussain²*, Jitendra Saharia¹, Adib Haque¹, Dulal Chandra Mili¹, Ranajit Roychoudhry¹, Arundhati Phookan¹, Masuk Raquib² and Purabi Kaushik³

¹Associate Professor, Department of AGB, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
²Professor, Department of LPM, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, India
³Associate Professor, Department of LPT, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India

*Corresponding Author: Jakir Hussain, Professor, Department of LPM, CVSc, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Received: May 21, 2024; Published: July 02, 2024

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to study the production and reproduction performance of crossbred dairy cattle under an organized farm. The data were classified according to genetic groups, seasons and periods. The mean lactation milk yield was 2316.36 ± 57.52 and 2908.31 ± 80.78 liters in Jersey crossbred and Holstein-Frisian crossbred cows, respectively. The mean age at first calving, lactation length, dry period, calving interval and service period was found to be 1017.50 ± 24.88, 294.95 ± 3.00, 99.80 ± 2.34, 394.75 ± 3.05, and 115.48 ± 3.12 days, respectively in Jersey crossbred cow. The corresponding figure for Holstein-Frisian crossbred cow was 1127.24 ± 35.63, 305.88 ± 2.95, 98.38 ± 2.56, and 404.26 ± 3.20 and 127.03 ± 3.63 days, respectively. The effect of genetic group was found to be highly significant (P < 0.01) on lactation length, lactation milk yield, calving interval, service period and age at first calving and non- significant for dry period (P > 0.05). The Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows had significantly (P < 0.01) longer lactation length and higher lactation milk yield. However, Jersey crossbred cows had significantly (P < 0.01) shorter calving interval, service period and age at first calving. The effect of season of calving was highly significant (P < 0.01) on lactation length, lactation milk yield, calving interval and service period and non- significant on dry period. The effect of season of birth was highly significant (P < 0.01) on age at first calving. During pre monsoon season lactation milk yield was significantly higher with significantly shorter calving interval, service period and age at first calving. The effect of period was observed to be significant (P < 0.05) for lactation length and calving interval while it was non- significant (P > 0.05) for lactation milk yield, dry period, service period and age at first calving. In the second period there was apparently higher lactation milk yield with significantly shorter calving interval. Reproductive performance of Jersey crossbred cows was found to be significantly better in comparison to the Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows while productive performance was better in later one. Cows calved during pre monsoon season were found to be better compared to other seasons. It can be concluded that Jersey crossbred cows showed superior performance in respect of reproduction. Therefore, it will be better to maintain this cross breed for dairy farming under the humid sub-tropical climate of Assam.

Keywords: Production; Reproduction; Crossbred; Cattle; Humid; Sub-Tropical

References

1. “20^th Livestock Census, GOI” (2019).
2. “Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, GOI” (2023).
3. “Statistical Analysis Software 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc, Carry, USA (2009).
4. Snedecor GW and Cochran WG. “Statistical Methods”. Eighth Edition, The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA (1994).
5. Hadge MR., et al. “Genetic studies on productive traits of Sahiwal and Sahiwal x Jersey crossbred cows”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 46 (2012): 92-94.
6. Taggar RK., et al. “Genetic analysis of performance traits of Jersey cows in sub-temperate environment of Himachal Pradesh”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 5 (2014): 413-417.
7. Desai GB., et al. “Production and reproductive performance of crossbred cattle in coastal Maharashtra”. Journal of Livestock Biodiversity 1 (2017): 30-35.
8. Vijaykumar P., et al. “Production and Reproduction Performances of Crossbred Jersey Cows”. Veterinary Research International 2 (2019): 56-59.
9. Hussain J. “Performance of Assam local cattle and their crosses with Jersey and Holstein-Friesian, MVSc Thesis, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 (2002).
10. Goni MO., et al. “The performance of crossbred cows available in milk pocket areas of Bangladesh”. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 12 (2001): 1166-1168.
11. Kumar N., et al. “Productive performance of indigenous and HF crossbred dairy cows in Gondar, Ethiopia”. Veterinary World 3 (2014): 177-181.
12. Abera M. “Reproductive and productive performances of crossbred and indigenous dairy cattle under rural, peri urban and urban dairy farming systems in west Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia”. MSc Thesis in Agriculture (Animal Breeding and Genetics), College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (2016).
13. Miazi OF., et al. “Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous dairy cows under rural conditions in Comilla, Bangladesh”. University journal of zoology Rajshahi University 26 (2007): 67-70.
14. Islam MN., et al. “Reproductive performance of different crossbred and indigenous Dairy Cattle under Small Holder farming condition in Bangladesh”. Journal of Biological Sciences 4 (2002): 205-207.
15. Wondifraw Z., et al. “Effect of non-genetic factors on milk production of Holstein Friesian x Deoni crossbred cows”. International Journal of Livestock Production 7 (2013): 106-112.
16. Khunte N., et al. “Field evaluation of productive performance of graded and crossbred cattle in Chhattishgarh”. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 6 (2016): 4196-4202.
17. Umirkar UD., et al. “Factors influencing performance traits of Gir and Jersey x Gir crossbred cattle”. Cherion 3 (1992): 131-138.
18. Kale MM and Basu SB. “Effect of climate and breed on the milk production of crossbred cattle”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 3 (1993): 114-117.
19. Ahmed M., et al. “Genetic and phenotypic correlations for some economic traits in dairy cattle”. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 2 (2001): 81-86.
20. Lakshmi BS., et al. “Genetic analysis of production performance of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal cows”. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences 4 (2009): 143-148.
21. Hassan F and Khan MS. “Performance of crossbred dairy cattle at military dairy farms in Pakistan”. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 3 (2013): 705-714.
22. Hussain J., et al. “Age at first calving of Assam local cattle and their crosses with Jersey and Holstein Friesian under field condition”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 1 (2011): 70-72.
23. Mote SS., et al. “Effect of environment factors on milk production and lactation length under different seasons in crossbred cattle”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2 (2016): 175-180.
24. Shelkar BS., et al. “Breeding efficiency and milk producing ability of Red Kandhari and Jersey x Red Kandhari halfbred cows”. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 1 (1992): 79-80.
25. Prasad VS., et al. “Performance of Indigenous and crossbred cows under village conditions in Chittore districts of Andhra Pradesh”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 2 (1991): 194-195.
26. Kaul GL., et al. “Milk production performance of cattle reared under temperate climate in Kumaon Hills”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 3 (1997): 259-260.
27. Radhika G., et al. “Milk yield and composition of crossbred cows in the hilly Wayanad district of Kerala, India”. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 10 (2012): 1251-1254.
28. Bhutkar SS., et al. “Studied on Effect of Non – genetic Factors on Reproduction Traits in Holstein Friesian x Deoni Cows”. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 12 (2014): 15-19.
29. Tadesse M., et al. “Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cows in Ethiopia”. Livestock Research for Rural Development 2 (2010).
30. Vinothraj S., et al. “Genetic evaluation of reproduction performance of Jersey x Red Sindh crossbred cow”. Veterinary World 9 (2016): 1012-1017.
31. Thakur YP and Singh BP. “Performance evaluation of Jersey x Zebu crossbreds involving different indigenous breeds performance of Jersey x Tharparkar crossbreds”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 77 (2000): 169-171.
32. Zaman G. “Genetic studies on some of the economic traits of Jersey cattle in Assam, V.Sc. Thesis, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 (1987).
33. Gogoi DN. “Genetic evaluation of Jersey, Red Sindhi and Jersey × Red Sindhi cattle in Assam. V.Sc. Thesis. Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, 781022 (1991).
34. Mudgal KC., et al. “Studies on dry period and service period in crossbred cattle”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 7 (1986): 561-565.
35. Bora P. “Genetic studies of certain production and reproduction traits of Jersey,Holstein- Friesian and their crosses with indigenous cattle of Assam. V.Sc.. Thesis. Assam agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022 (2000).
36. Meth IY. “Studies on comparative performance of certain reproductive and productive parameters on exotic and crossbred cattle in Nagaland. V.Sc. Thesis, Assam agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati,781022 (1992).
37. Suhail SM., et al. “Genetic study of some reproductive traits of Jersey cattle under sub tropical condition”. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 1 (2010): 87-91.
38. Deshmukh DP., et al. “Genetic studies on some economic traits of Jersey, Sahiwal and Jersey × Crossbred cows”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 2 (1995): 129-133.
39. Das GC., et al. “Comparative study of Jersey, Red Sindhi and their crosses with local in respect of some economic traits”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 2 (2001): 123-125.
40. Saha S., et al. “Age at first calving and calving interval of crossbred cattle in West Bengal”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 9 (2000): 803-804.
41. Hayatnagarkar DD., et al. “Non-genetic and genetic factors affecting some production traits in rural crossbred cows”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 4 (1991): 515-520.
42. Dahiya DS., et al. “Genetic group differences and the effect of non-genetic factors in cross bred cattle for reproduction traits”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 1 (2003): 61-64.
43. Kebede H. “Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows under farmer’s management in Hossana town, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Dairy Science 3 (2015): 126-133.
44. Sreemannarayana O., et al. “A comparative study of the performance of two traits of Ongole cows in Andhra Pradesh”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 10 (1996): 1089-1090.
45. Pyne AK., et al. “Studies on the effects of season of birth on the Jersey – Hariana and Holstein-Friesian-Hariana halfbreds on their age at first calving in humid tropic”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 4 (1986): 305-309.
46. Dhangar MR and Patel JM. “Studies on growth rate, age at first calving and first lactation characteristics in intense mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbred”. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management 4 1992): 225-229.
47. Gahlot GC., et al. “Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on reproductive maturity of Tharparkar cows”. The Indian Veterinary Journal 6 (2001): 505-508.
48. Choudhari M., et al. “Genetic studies on production traits in crossbred cattle”. Haryana Veterinary 52 (2013): 75-78.
49. Baruah DK. “Effect of dairy animal unit size on production, cost and returns in milk union societies of lower Assam, D. Thesis, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 (1995).
50. “Life time performance of different genetic groups of cattle in Assam. Ph. D. Thesis, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 (1995).
51. Sattar A., et al. “Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian cows in Pakistan”. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 22 (2005).
52. Sattar A., et al. “Productive efficiency of Jersey cows under sub-tropical conditions of Punjab”. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 3 (2004): 129-133.
53. Chaudhary CS., et al. “Genetic analysis of reproduction traits in Kankrej cattle”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 6 (1995): 444-446.
54. Mishra RK., et al. “Reproductive performance of Holstein halfbred and Jersey halfbred cows in the plains of Eastern India”. The Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 1 (2001): 38-40.
55. Ao IY. “Studies on comparative performance of certain reproductive and productive parameters on exotic and crossbred cattle in Nagaland, MVSc Thesis”. Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 (1992).
56. Hadge MR., et al. “Performance of Sahiwal and its Jersey crosses for reproductive traits in different lactations”. Indian Journal of Animal Research1 (2009): 75-76.
57. Kumar N., et al. “Reproductive performance of indigenous and HF crossbred dairy cows in Gondar, Ethiopia”. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 1 (2014): 56-61.
58. Hussain J., et al. “Reproductive performance of dairy cows under field condition of Assam state”. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2 (2012): 180-183.
59. Tajane KR., et al. “Comparative performance of Holstein Friesian and Jersey crosses with Kankrej under hot humid climate”. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 3 (1994): 231-233.
60. Hussain J., et al. “Milk composition of Assam local cattle and their crosses with Jersey and Holstein Friesian under field condition”. Indian Journal of Animal Research1 (2011): 75-76.

Citation

Citation: Jakir Hussain., et al. “Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on the Performance of Cross-Bred Dairy Cattle Under Organized Farm Condition". Acta Scientific Agriculture 8.8 (2024): 05-12.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Jakir Hussain., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.