Botanical Pesticides: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Management of Insect Pests

Pratap Divekar*

ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author: Pratap Divekar, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Received: November 16, 2022; Published: January 18, 2023

Abstract

Insect pest management is a global economic and ecological concern, due to the risks to people and the environment posed by the injudicious application of synthetic pesticide chemicals. To address the issue of insect resistance, it is crucial to identify new and powerful insecticides. Since botanicals are said to be less harmful to the environment and human health than synthetic chemical pesticides, they have long been promoted as appealing substitutes for synthetic agrochemicals. Commercial usage of pyrethrum and neem is well established, pesticides based on plant essential oils have entered the market and rotenone application seems to be declining. A plethora of plant compounds have been investigated for use as insect antifeedants, repellents and toxicants, however apart from some naturally occurring repellents, plant compounds that alter arthropod behaviour have only had limited commercial success. Several studies have shown the compatibility and synergism of botanicals with entomopathogens. The success of botanicals appears to be hindered by a range of variables, chief among them being regulatory obstacles and the availability of substitute products (newer synthetics and fermentation products) that are more affordable and generally risk-free than their forerunners. Botanicals offer residue-free food and a safe environment while also being considerably safer to natural enemies of insects. Thus, botanicals with multiple mode of actions are useful to protect the crops under organic agriculture. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of conventional pesticides, botanical pesticides can be employed as alternative or complementary tools in integrated pest management to achieve better results in a sustainable way.

Keywords: Botanicals; Neem; Pyrethrum; Compatibility and Synergism; Sustainable Crop Production

References

1. EF Nkechi., et al. “Effects of aqueous and oil leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides on the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, pest of stored maize grains”. African Journal of Agricultural Research 13 (2018): 617-626.
2. YM Shabana., et al. “Efficacy of plant extracts in controlling wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1 (2017): 67-73.
3. D Sande., et al. “Environmental impacts from pesticide use: a case study of soil fumigation in Florida tomato production”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12 (2011): 4649-4661.
4. CA Damalas and SD Koutroubas. “Farmers’ exposure to pesticides: toxicity types and ways of prevention”. Toxics 1 (2015): 1-10.
5. Divekar P., et al. “Screening of maize germplasm through antibiosis mechanism of resistance against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies3 (2019): 1115-1119.
6. Divekar PA., et al. “Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 5 (2020): 2690.
7. Shinde PG., et al. “Bio-pesticide management strategy for mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae)”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 10 (2021): 397-400.
8. Dukare A., et al. “Biological Disease Control Agents in Organic Crop Production System”. In book: Pesticide Contamination in Freshwater and Soil Environs: Impacts, Threats, and Sustainable Remediation (Hard ISBN: 9781771889537). Publisher: Apple Academic Press, USA (2020).
9. Dukare AS., et al. “Role of Bacterial and Fungal Chitinases in Integrated Management of Pest and Diseases of Agro-Horticultural Crops”. In: Khan, M.A., Ahmad, W. (eds) Microbes for Sustainable lnsect Pest Management. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, vol 17. Springer, Cham (2021).
10. Divekar PA., et al. “Protease Inhibitors: An Induced Plant Defense Mechanism Against Herbivores”. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation (2022).
11. Divekar P., et al. “Trilogy: Plants-Proteases- Insects”. In Plant Protection: Present Developments and Future Strategies (2022): 143-157. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi - 110 002.
12. S Thiruppathi., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. against pathogenic microorganisms”. Journal of Bioscience and Research4 (2010): 251-258.
13. M Sarwar. “Microbial insecticides- an eco-friendly effective line of attack for insect pests management”. The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2 (2015): 4-9.
14. Mahmood SR., et al. “Effects of pesticides on environment”. In: Plant, Soil and Microbes, Springer, Cham (2016): 253-269.
15. G Karaca., et al. “Effects of some plant essential oils against fungi on wheat seeds”. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 3 (2017): S385-S388.
16. GS Neeraj., et al. “Evaluation of nematicidal activity of ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants to Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood under lab conditions”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience1 (2017): 827-831.
17. D Srijita. “Biopesticides: an eco-friendly approach for pest control”. World Journal Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 6 (2015) 250-265.
18. TF Erenso and DH Berhe. “Effect of neem leaf and seed powders against adult maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) mortality”. Agricultural Research 2 (2016) 90-94.
19. JT Arnason., et al. “Natural products from plants as insecticides”. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) (2012): 1-8.
20. ES Mizubuti., et al. “Management of late blight with alternative products”. Pest Technology 2 (2007): 106-116.
21. MM Gakuubi., et al. “Bioactive properties of Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) essential oils: a review”. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products 2 (2016): 27-36.
22. W Ahmad., et al. “Phytochemical Screening and antimicrobial study of Euphorbia hirta extracts”. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2 (2017): 183-186.
23. B Joseph and S Sujatha. “Insight of botanical based biopesticides against economically important pest”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 11 (2012): 2138-2148.
24. Plata-Rueda LC., et al. “Insecticidal activity of garlic essential oil and their constituents against the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)”. Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 46406.
25. DM Pramila., et al. “Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial potential of methanolic leaf extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita: Lamiaceae)”. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2 (2012): 331-335.
26. E Oskoueian., et al. “Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Jatropha curcas kernel meal extract”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12 (2011): 5955-5970.
27. PC Stevenson., et al. “Pesticidal plants in Africa: a global vision of new biological control products from local uses”. Industrial Crops and Products 110 (2017): 2-9.
28. M Wink. “Modes of action of herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites”. Medicines 2 (2015): 251-286.
29. C Laxmishree and S Nandita. “Botanical pesticides -a major alternative to chemical pesticides: a review”. International Journal Life Sciences 4 (2017) 722-729.
30. Ntalli NG and Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U. “Pesticides of botanical origin: a promising tool in plant protection”. Pesticides-formulations, effects, fate (2011): 1-23.
31. S Ali., et al. “Insecticidal activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum: a safe alternative to insecticides in stored commodities”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3 (2014): 201-205.
32. UP Singh., et al. “Role of garlic (Allium sativum) in human and plant diseases”. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 39 (2001) 310-322.
33. Isman MB. “Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world”. Annual Review of Entomology 51 (2006): 45-66.
34. De Souza Tavares W., et al. “Turmeric powder and its derivatives from Curcuma longa rhizomes: Insecticidal effects on cabbage looper and the role of synergists”. Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 34093.
35. Papulwar PP., et al. “Studies on insecticidal properties of citronella grass (lemon grass) essential oils against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera)”. International Journal of Chemical Studies 2 (2018): 44-46.
36. Kavianpour M., et al. “Effect of fresh gum of asafoetida on the damage reduction of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae) in Shahreza City”. International Journal of Biosciences 5 (2014): 86-91.
37. Plata-Rueda A., et al. “Insecticidal activity of garlic essential oil and their constituents against the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)”. Scientifi Reports 7 (2017): 46406.
38. CT Wahyutami., et al. “Insecticidal Activity of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). Leaf Extract on Mung Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). 4^th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture (ICoSA 2021). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 985 (2022) 012053.
39. Trisyono A and Whalon ME. “Toxicity of neem applied alone and in combinations with Bacillus thuringiensis to Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)”. Journal of Economic Entomology 6 (1999): 1281-1285.
40. Venkadasubramanian V and David PMM. “Insecticidal toxicity of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) products in combination with botanicals to Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)”. Journal of Biological Control 13 (1999): 85-92.
41. Rajguru M., et al. “Assessment of plant extracts fortified with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) for management of Spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: Noctuidae)”. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 31 (2011): 92-97.
42. Mohan MC., et al. “Growth and insect assays of Beauveria bassiana with neem to test their compatibility and synergism”. Biocontrol Science and Technology 10 (2007): 1059-1069.
43. Halder J., et al. “Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi and botanicals against sucking pests of okra: an ecofriendly approach”. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30 (2021).
44. Rabindra RJ., et al. “Evaluation of certain botanicals as stressors of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of Helicoverpa armigera”. Journal of Biological Control 8 (2 (1994): 129-130.
45. Stark JD. “Entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae): toxicity of Neem”. Journal of Economic Entomology 89 (1996): 68-73.
46. Kaya HK., et al. “Integration of entomopathogenic nematodes with Bacillus thuringiensis or pesticidal soap for control of insect pests”. Biological Control 5 (1995): 432-441.
47. Del Buono D. “Can biostimulants be used to mitigate the effect of anthropogenic climate change on agriculture? It is time to respond”. Science of The Total Environment 751 (2021): 141763.
48. Cuadrado JLC., et al. “Insecticidal Properties of Capsaicinoids and Glucosinolates Extracted from Capsicum chinense and Tropaeolum tuberosum”. Insects 10 (2019): 132.
49. Marrone PG. “Market opportunities for biopesticides”. In Proceedings of the American Chemical Society, 246^th National Meeting and Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 8-12 84 (2013): 104.
50. Isman MB and Paluch G. “Needles in the Haystack: Exploring Chemical Diversity of Botanical Insecticides”. InGreen Trends inInsect Control; López, O., Fernández- Bolaños, J.G., Eds.; RSC: Washington, DC, USA (2011): 248-265.

Citation

Citation: Pratap Divekar. “Botanical Pesticides: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Management of Insect Pests". Acta Scientific Agriculture 7.2 (2023): 75-81.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Pratap Divekar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.