A Review on Spark Exercise Program for Balance and Functional Mobility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder – A Literature Review

Vaishnavi SG ¹*, Preethu Mohanan KK ², H Manjunath ³, Belle Sharvani ⁴ and Nikita Das⁵

¹BPT, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India
²Lecturer, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India
³HOD, Principal, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India
⁴Associate Professor, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India
⁵Lecturer, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India

*Corresponding Author: Vaishnavi S G, Physiotherapist BPT, Akash Institute of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, India

Received: July 22, 2025; Published: July 31, 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), frequently face challenges beyond social and communication difficulties, including significant motor impairments such as poor balance, reduced coordination, and limited functional mobility. These issues can impact their ability to perform daily activities, engage in physical play, and maintain independence. Despite these concerns, motor development remains an under-addressed area in most intervention programs, which typically focus more on behavioral and cognitive aspects.

Aim and Objective: A review on spark exercise program for balance and functional mobility with autism spectrum disorder

Methodology: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords included Autism Spectrum Disorder, SPARK program, motor skills, balance, and functional mobility. Studies published between 2017 and 2023 were included based on criteria such as age group (4–17 years), use of SPARK or similar structured activity programs, and assessment of balance or mobility outcomes. Ten peer-reviewed studies including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs were reviewed.

Results: A total of 98 articles were initially identified, from which 10 were selected for final review after applying inclusion criteria. Out of 10, 7 (from 2017 to 2022) showed significant improvements in both static and dynamic balance in children with ASD following SPARK-based interventions. These gains were consistent across short and long program durations, indicating that regular, structured physical activity enhances postural control and coordination. In terms of functional mobility, 5 studies (2017–2023) reported improvements in locomotor skills, lower-limb strength, and walking efficiency. These outcomes contributed to increased independence and better participation in physical and social activities.

Conclusion: The SPARK program has proven to be an effective, engaging, and adaptable physical activity model that supports improvements in both balance and functional mobility in children with ASD. The structure and consistency of SPARK sessions contribute positively to motor skill development. Clinical Relevance: These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating structured physical activity programs like SPARK into early intervention strategies for children with ASD. Addressing motor deficits not only supports physical independence but also enhances participation in school and social settings, ultimately improving overall quality of life.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; SPARK Program; Motor Skills; Balance; Functional Mobility

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Citation

Citation: Vaishnavi S G., et al. “A Review on Spark Exercise Program for Balance and Functional Mobility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder – A Literature Review".Acta Scientific Paediatrics 8.8 (2025): 22-28.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Vaishnavi S G., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.