Characterization, Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns, Plasmid Profile Analysis and Antagonistic
Potentials of Microorganisms from Termitaria on Mango Trees in Ibule-Soro, Akure, Nigeria
Afolami OI*, Aribisala JO, Oladunmoye MK, Wasiu OS and Arogundade IO
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: Afolami OI, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Received: December 20, 2017; Published: February 01, 2018
DOI: 10.31080/ASMI.2018.01.0019
Over the years it has been proven that a mutualistic relationship exists between termites and microorganisms inhabiting their gut.
Microbiological analyses were carried out on termitarium, macerated dead termites and mango barks from farm settlements in Ibule
– soro Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus subtilis, Actino-
bacter
sp and
Microbacter
sp were identified while fungal isolates such as
Chrysosporium tropicum, Mortierella rolfi, Aspergillus niger,
Fusarium oxysporum
and
Penicillium chrysogenum
were also identified from the analyzed samples. Isolates such as
Actinobacter
sp,
Aspergillus niger, Mortierella rofli
and
Penicillium chrysogenum
showed mild antagonism against selected clinical pathogens used; the
selected pathogens include:
Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella
spp and Streptococcus pyogenes respectively. The results obtained
from antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that Microbacter sp and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
were multiple antibiotic resistant isolates
(MDRIs). However, molecular characterization of these multiple antibiotic resistant isolates was carried out via plasmid profiling to
determine the size of the bacterial plasmids. These isolates were again subjected to antibiotics treatment after being cured of their
plasmids to determine if their initial resistance to antibiotics is chromosomal or extra – chromosomal. The findings of this research
revealed that termite nests serve as reservoirs for microbes which possess antagonistic properties and that the genetic basis for
antibiotic resistance of screened multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from termite nests were plasmid based. It is therefore
recommended that advanced culture independent approaches should be used to explore the microbial diversity of the termite nests
in the near future for greater research focus.
Keywords: Termitarium; Antibiotic Resistance Patterns; Antagonistic Patterns; Plasmid Profile Analysis; Mango Tree
-
Rosengaus B.,
et al
. “Symbiont - derived β-1,3-glucanses in so
-
cial insect: mutualism beyond nutrition”.
Frontiers in Microbiol
-
ogy
5 (2014): 607-611.
-
Holt J and Leepage M. “Termites and soil properties: Evolution,
sociology, symbiosis, ecology”. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2000): 199-208.
-
Toledo M.,
et al
. “Subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermi
-
tidae): Exploitation of equivalent food resources with different
forms of placement”.
Insect Science
19.3 (2012): 412-418.
-
Brune A. “Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts”.
National Annual Reviews in Microbiology
12 (2014): 168-180.
-
Chouvecnc T.,
et al
. “Extended disease resistance emerging
from the feacal nest of a subterrnean termites”.
Proceedings.
Biological Sciences
280.1770 (2013): 20131885.
-
Peterson F.,
et al
. “Quantifying symbiotic contributions to low
-
er termite digestion using antimicrobial compounds”.
Insect
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
59 (2015): 80-88.
- Longair R. “Tusked males, male dimorphism and nesting be-
haviour in a sub-social Afro tropical wasp, synagris cornuta
and weapons and dimorphism in the genus (Hymenophera,
vespidea, enumenie)”.
Journal of the Kansas Entomological So-
ciety
77.4 (2004): 528-557.
-
Brune A and Dietrich C. “The gut microbiota of termites: di
-
gesting in the light of ecology and evolution”.
Annual Reviews in
Microbiology
69 (2015): 145-166.
-
Agbelade A and Akindele S. “Land Use Mapping and Tree spe-
cies diversity of Federal University of Technology (F.U.T.),
Akure”.
American International Journal of Contemporary Re-
search
3.2 (2013): 104-113.
- Barreto J.,
et al
. “Characterization and quatification of poly
-
phenolic compounds in bark,kernel,leaves and peel of mango
(Magnifera indica)”.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
56 (2008): 5599-5610.
- Fawole M and Oso B. “Laboratory manual on Microbiological
practices”. Ibadan, Nigeria (2007): 127-131.
-
Ohkuma M and Brune A. “Diversity, structure, and evolution
of the termite gut microbial community”. New York City, NY:
Springer (2011): 413-438.
- Samson R.,
et al
. “A laboratory manual series of food, indoor,
air and soil fungi: a compendium of fungi biodiversity”. Fungal
Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands, CBS KNAW Am-
sterdam Royal Academy, Netherlands (2010): 42-209.
-
Cheesebrough M. “District laboratory practice in tropical coun-
tries”. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010): 157-164.
-
Manjula A.,
et al
. “Microbial diversity in termite nest”.
Current
Scientific Topics in Microbiology
106.10 (2016): 1430-1434.
-
Chan C.,
et al
. Lateral Transfer of Genes and Gene Fragments in
Staphylococcus Extends beyond Mobile Elements”.
Journal of
Bacteriology
193.15 (2011): 3964-3977.
-
Matsui T.,
et al
. “Antibiotics production by an actinomycete iso
-
lated from the termite gut”.
Journal of Basic Microbiology
52.6
(2012): 731-735.
- Birnboim H and Dolly J. “A rapid alkaline extraction proce
-
dure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA”. Nucleic Acids
Research 45.7 (1979): 1513-1523.
-
Brown T. “Vectors for Gene Cloning: Plasmids and Bacterio
-
phages. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction”.
Academic Press, U.S.A (2010): 64-76.
-
Fokkema N and Heuvel J. “Microbiology of the Phyllosphere”.
Cambridge University press, New York (1996): 392-399.
-
Bignell D.,
et al
. “Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis”.
Springer(2010).
-
Fall S.,
et al
. “Difference between bacterial communities in the
gut of a soil feeding termite (cubitermes niokoloensis) and its
mounds”.
Applied Environmental Microbiology
73.16 (2007):
5199-5208.
-
Lo N and Eggleton P. “Termite phylogenetics and co-cladogen-
esis with symbionts”. In Biology of Termites: A Modern Syn-
thesis. New York City, NY: Springer (2011): 27-50.
-
Lavelle P.,
et al
. “The relationship between macro fauna and
tropical soil fertility”. The biological management of Tropical
Soil Fertility (1994): 137-169.
-
Swain M.,
et al
. “Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis strains
isolated from cow dung against post-harvest yam (Dioscorea
rotundata L.) pathogens”.
Current Microbiology
57.5 (2008):
407-411.